1. Rocky Mountain Power 2011 Clinic Project Dynamic Line Rating Preliminary Design Review Project Advisor: Dr. Thomas Schmid Clinic Team Members: Skyler Kershner, Benjamin Sondelski, Trevor Nichols, Shayan Barzagari, Zhao Qi

2. 2 Presentation Overview Project Background Goals Proposed Solution Additional Considerations System Implementation Model Expected Results Budget / Timeline

3. 3 Project Background Overhead Conductor Sag National Electrical Safety Code specifies minimum clearance As conductor heats, sag increases Environmental, power considerations Dynamic line rating system needed [1] Clearance Levels

4. 4 Project Goals Develop dynamic line rating system –Combine best characteristics of commercially available models –Simple design Implement system in a model Validate collected data [2] Line Sag Illustration

5. 5 Proposed Method: Thermal Imaging Directly measures sag and line temperature Non-contact measurement [4] Configuration [5] Camera View

6. 6 Proposed Method: Thermal Imaging Provides high contrast images, temperature measurement Image processing tracks lowest point in line [6] Thermal Image

7. 7 Proposed Method: Thermal Imaging Limitation: Cost ModelPrice FLIR T620 $ 19,500 FLIR SC325 $ 13,500 FLIR E60 $ 7,500 [7] [8] [9]

8. 8 Conclusion Need for dynamic line rating Goals Thermal imaging as potential solution Limitations of thermal imaging –Other methods needed Contact Info: Skyler Kershner s.kershner@utah.edu References

9. 9 Zhao – Overview Tension as a solution Sag – Tension rating and calculation Design Problems/Solutions Conclusion

10. 10 Tension as a Possible Solution All-Inclusive Measurement –line temperature, environment temperature, solar absorption Accuracy Low-Power Draw

11. 11 D – Vertical sag S – Horizontal length of the span W – Unit weight of the conductor T r – Resultant conductor tension T h – Horizontal component of tension Fig. 1 Parabolic Sag Curve Sag-Tension Rating and Calculations [10]

12. 12 Tension as a Possible Problem Cost Actual implementation –Required line outage for installation Ice and wind loading Length of Conductor –Stretching and high temperatures

13. 13 Design Problems/Solutions Ice loading Wind loading For structures below 60 feet: For structures exceed 60 feet: Resultant ice and wind loading

14. 14 Conclusion Overview of Sag- Tension Tension advantages Tension problems/Solutions References: [1]- “Overhead Conductor Manual”, 2 nd Edition, Southwire Company, 2007 [2]- IEEE “Guide to the Installation of Overhead Transmission Line Conductor”, 2004 [3]- IEEE “Guide on Conductor Self-Damping Measurements”, 1978 [4]- “Sag and Tension”, Sep. 20, 2011. [online]. Available: http://www.iaei.org/magazine/2004/05/the-effects-of-ruling-span-on-sag-and-tension/ Contact information: Zhao Qi ECE department, University of Utah u0589543@utah.edu

15. 15 Trevor – Overview Magnetic Field Sensing Implementation difficulties Project Difficulties Build a model - advantages Conclusion

16. 16 Magnetic Field Sensor Three Axis Magnetic Field Sensor  MAGNETOMETER RS232 W/CASE High Accuracy, <0.5% Full Scale 10 to 154 Sample/Sec Low Power consumption Input voltage range 6 to 15 (VDC) [11]

17. 17 Magnetic Field Measurement Difficulties

18. 18 Project Difficulties Field Deployment of Prototype –Power –Communication Uncontrollable variables Budget

19. 19 Build a Model Test wide range of aspects Control experiment variables and environment Develop realistically implementable solutions Retain a low budget

20. 20 Conclusion Magnetic Sensing Magnetic Difficulties Project Difficulties Advantages of Model References: [11] “Smart Digital Magnetometer HMR2300”, Sep. 30, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www51.honeywell.com/aero/common/documents/myaerospace- catalogdocuments/Missiles-Munitions/HMR2300.pdf. Contact Information: Trevor Nichols u0509680@umail.utah.edu 801-710-2173

21. 21 Shayan – Overview Proposed Solution Math Defining Model Requirements Measuring Temperature Conclusion

22. 22 Proposed Solution Mock thermal imaging system [12] [13] Build a model scaled down to 30:1 ratio Approximately 600 feet scaled to 20 feet Measure sag in a controlled environment Clinic Lab – Merrill Engineering Building 2350 Develop an effective dynamic line rating system

23. 23 Math defining model Tension in the line – direct effect of line temperature Temperature – direct effect of amount of line current Amperage – controlled system input

24. 24 Measuring Temperature

25. 25 Measuring Temperature

26. 26 Conclusion Proposed Solution Characteristics of Model Mock thermal imaging –IR thermometer –IR video camera References: [12] “IR Thermo Gun”, Sep. 29, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://chaermai.en.ecplaza.net/2.asp. [13] “IR Security Camera”, Sep. 29, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.buy.com/retail/product.asp?sku=224174617&listingid=157870950&& Contact Information: Shayan Barzegari Shayan.Barzegari@gmail.com 801-824-8492

27. Benjamin – Overview benefits of in-house scale model power supply electrical diagram conductor span expected model performance 27

28. 28 Benefits of In-House Scale Model communications controlled environment –simple comparison to IEEE 738 –no exposure to weather verification of thermal time constant test bed for future clinics

29. 29 Power Supply need 480V, 3 phase 208V 3 phase is available 2kVA each power supply losses

30. 30 Model Electrical Diagram National Electrical Code: bonding and grounding conductor sizing overcurrent protection ground detector

31. 31 Conductor Span 1½″ PVC structure (FORMUFIT connectors) transparent covering (acrylic or polycarbonate) dead-end attachments

32. 32 Expected Model Performance 20′ span 200lbs tension at 25°C Sparrow ACSR

33. Physical Model: Conclusion benefits of in-house scale model power supply electrical diagram conductor span expected model performance 33 contact Benjamin Sondelski (801) 628-3499 Benjamin.Sondelski@IEEE.org references [1]National Fire Protection Association, "National Electrical Code," Boston, national standard NFPA 70, 2008.

34. 34 Budget ItemSpecsModelSourceEachQtyExt Pipe, PVC1-1/2″ Schedule 4010′Home Depot$ 4.5918$ 82.62 4-way PVC tee1-1/2″FORMUFIT$ 3.1010$ 31.00 3-way PVC Elbow1-1/2″FORMUFIT$ 3.0010$ 30.00 Turnbuckle3/8″ stainless Model # 7112 Store SKU # 372074 Home Depot$ 8.422$ 16.84 Plywood3/4″×24″×24″ Model # 300950 Store SKU # 300950 Home Depot$ 9.172$ 18.34 PVC Cement$10.001 HardwareMisc$20.001 Arduino Programmable Controller Radio Shack$40.001 IR ThermHome Depot$20.001 Servo180 degree PivotRadio Shack$20.001 IR Camera2 Mexapixelnewegg.com$70.001 Total$ 358.80

35. 35 Timeline Year 2011 2012 MonthAug.Sept.Oct.Nov.Dec.Jan.Feb.Mar.Apr. Task 1Background Resarch 2Design Model 3Build Model 4Test Model 5Analyze Data 6Adjust Model 7Finalize Model 8 Implement exterior Cond. 9Devolop dynamic rating 10Document

36. 36 CONCLUSION Measure Sag Build a Model Desirable: Measure Conductor Temperature Due to budget, use Temp Sensor and IR Camera Validate Measurement Measuring Tension Magnetic Sensor

37. 37 Contact Info / References References [1] “Clearance Levels”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/customerservice/otherrequests/treetrimming/faq/orchard/index.shtml. [2] “Line Sag Illustration”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://redefinescience.blogspot.com/2011/05/power-lines.html. [3] “Tension Illustration”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.ehow.com/how_8049821_calculate-transmission-line-tension.html. [4] “Configuration”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=139418&page=274. [5] ”Power Line View”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://forcechange.com/2190/proposed-legislation-would-speed-up-permitting-process-for-transmission-lines. [6] “Thermal Image”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.x20.org/thermal/. [7] “FLIR T620”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.flir.com/thermography/americas/us/content/?id=18118. [8] “FLIR SC325”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.flir.com/thermography/americas/us/content/?id=31095. [9] “FLIR E60”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.flir.com/thermography/americas/us/content/?id=36820. [10] “Sag and Tension”, Sep. 20, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.iaei.org/magazine/2004/05/the-effects-of-ruling-span-on-sag-and-tension/ [11] “Smart Digital Magnetometer HMR2300”, Sep. 30, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www51.honeywell.com/aero/common/documents/myaerospacecatalog- documents/Missiles-Munitions/HMR2300.pdf. [12] “IR Thermo Gun”, Sep. 29, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://chaermai.en.ecplaza.net/2.asp. [13] “IR Security Camera”, Sep. 29, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.buy.com/retail/product.asp?sku=224174617&listingid=157870950&& Rocky Mountain Power Clinic Team Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Utah rmpclinic-2011-2012@lists.utah.edu