1. The Roaring 20s Red Scare Palmer Raids Sacco & Vanzetti Nativism
The Great Migration
Immigration
Eugenics

2. Americans entered a new age of prosperity in the “Roaring Twenties” Automobiles, telephones, and electricity made life more comfortable than ever before Americans focused on making $ and enjoying themselves Birth of new values
Overview

3. Red Scare Grab a piece of paper!
Goal: Form the LARGEST group without anyone having a “Red Dot”
You cannot show ANYONE your paper.
If your paper has a red dot, do not show or tell anyone about your red dot. If you can infiltrate a group, you will get the bonus points.
Largest group gets bonus points!!!
Red Scare

4. Red Scare How did you feel about the “Dot Game”?
Why did we do this silly game?
Red Scare

5. End of WWI = many Americans fearing Communists, anarchists and immigrants
Russia was not prepared for WWI and in 1917 the Tsar was overthrown and a year later Communist Revolutionaries (led by Vladimir Lenin) seized power
Communism threatened to spread to other countries throughout Europe
A wave of strikes hit the United States in 1919… many feared this would start a Communist Revolution here.
This Red Scare created an atmosphere of panic throughout the country
Red Scare

6. Palmer Raids

7. January 1919: Italian anarchist set off a bomb at the house of Attorney General Mitchell Palmer
1 in a series of attacks that day (judges, politicians, and law enforcement officials in 8 American cities)
Nation demanded that action be taken
Palmer was convinced that there was a radical plot to overthrow the U.S. government was officially underway
Palmer Raids

8. January 1920: Palmer ordered the round up of 4,000 suspects in several cities without warrants
His assistant, J. Edgar Hoover, directed the raids
Palmer arrested men he accused of plotting to overthrow the government
Most were later released, but 600 were eventually deported
Palmer Raids

9. http://www. trav elchannel
elchannel.com/ video/sacco- and-vanzetti- innocent ut.com/history19 00s/Sacco-and- Vanzetti.htm
Sacco & Vanzetti

10. Italian Immigrants convicted of committing murder during a robbery
Allegedly committed to obtain funds for an anarchist revolution
Pressure for their release came from around the world
Many Americans feared they would look weak if the two were let go
Evidence at the time was insufficient and circumstantial
Both were found guilty and executed in 1927
Supporters of the Immigrants feled their conviction was due to their anarchist views- though the jury denied the accusation
Ballistics tests ran in 1961 – same gun that Sacco had on him
Sacco & Vanzetti

11. Nativism = A dislike of foreigners
Red Scare, anarchist bombings, and the Sacco & Vanzetti trial contributed to the rise of Nativism
Nativists believed white Protestant Americans were superior to other people
Led to new restrictions on immigration
Nativism = A dislike of foreigners

12. Migration of African Americans from the South to Northern cities also led to increased racial tensions after the war
The Ku Klux Klan (dead for decades) found new life in 1915
Klan members were hostile to immigrants, Catholics, Jews, and African Americans
Major race riots broke out just after the war
Worst riot occurred in Chicago (38 died)
Lynching and segregation continued in the South
Racism

13. The Great Migration http://youtu.be/--8N42vDDTM
From 1910 – 1930 witnessed the movement of about 2 million African Americans out of the South to the “Promised Land” of the Northeast and Midwest
Searching for jobs in the nation’s growing industrial cities (wanted to escape sharecropping, tenant farming, and the deep racism of the South)
Northern jobs offered significantly higher wages than the South
Letters from those that had already gone North inspired an increased African-American migration
The Great Migration

14. Chicago Population = Doubled, Cleveland Population = x 3, Detroit = x 6
African Americans still faced racism, housing shortages, and crime in the North but they also found organizations such as the National Urban League and the NAACP (dedicated to helping them adjust to their new lives)
African Americans created cities within cities
Largest = Harlem (in upper Manhattan of New York City)
200,000 African Americans lived together in Harlem (one of the most vibrant communities of the 1920s)
The Great Migration

15. 1910: Eastern & Southern Europeans made up 70% of all immigrants entering the United States
WWI caused immigration to be reduced to a trickle
Nativists feelings against immigrants led Congress to restrict immigration from Europe for the 1st time
Many Americans saw the influx of immigrants without skills, education, or knowledge of English as a threat to the nation’s economic stability
Immigration

16. The Immigration Acts of 1921, 1924, & 1929 were designated to keep out immigrants from Southern & Eastern Europe
Established quotas for each separate nationality, based on America’s existing ethnic composition
New system: Great Britain, Ireland, and Germany were allowed the greatest number of immigrants, while the number of “New Immigrants” (from Eastern & Southern Europe) was severely limited
Asian Immigration was barred altogether
Immigration

17. Eugenics http://youtu.be/4DH8U461UDU
A pseudo-scientific belief that the human race could be improved by breeding
Superior parents would have even better children
Many believed that light-skinned, blonde haired, blue eyed people were superior to others
Such feelings contributed to immigration restrictions
Led to forced sterilizations, segregation laws & marriage restrictions
Eugenics

18. Charles Davenport Leading proponent of Eugenics
Thought preventing the mentally ill from having children would sharply reduce mental illness in the United States
Davenport and other eugenicists also wanted to reduce immigration to the U.S. by what they saw as “inferior races” from Eastern & Southern Europe
Charles Davenport

19. $ came from groups such as the Carnegie Institution & Rockefeller Foundation
Belief in Eugenics later spread from the U.S. to Germany
Eugenics was also closely tied to Social Darwinism
Social Darwinists believed that different human races competed for survival just as different plants and animals did in the natural world
Survival of the fittest
Social Darwinism