1. PE RELPERM ® Presentation Developed by Petroemertat Co. Software Engineering Division www.petroemertat.com

2. We are going to Review The Software Software Applications Software Review Evaluate The Results Simulator Validation Laboratory Report Correction Validation SCAL Estimation Methods Validation

3. Software Description The PE RELPERM® is a multi purpose software developed to: 1)Simulate a 1-D, constant injection rate, water flooding laboratory experiment. 2)Display the pressure and saturation profiles within the core regarding time and position. 3)Compare the output parameters (ΔP, Qo, and Qw) of a laboratory test with a desired simulation test. 4)Correct the laboratory data that suffer from pre-core and after- core dead volumes. 5) Automatically history match the laboratory test to obtain the most fitting SCAL data (Relative permeabilities and Capillary pressure) for the water flooding experiment. 6)Obtain the relative permeability of a water flood experiment by JBN Estimation Method. 7)Perform Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis and compare the results.

4. Software Overview The software consists of nine major sections. 1)Simulator 2)Laboratory Report Correction 3)Numerical SCAL Estimation 4)JBN Estimation 5)Open Report 6) Compare 7)Monte Carlo Study 8) Compare Parameters 9) and Compare Multi Cases

5. Simulator Section In the simulator section, a core water-flood experiment is numerically simulated. This section requires core data, fluid properties, numerical adjustments, and the test conditions. After feeding all the data and running the simulator a text file containing all the run data is produced (with the same name of the simulation name) and is saved in the Desktop/PE Relperm Reports directory. This text file can be opened by the Open Report Section to view the simulation output.

6. SCAL Correlation Module

7. Open Report The Open Report Section is developed to display the simulation and laboratory test results (saved in a text file). This section is consisted of three major tabs: Time plot, Grid plot, and Table.

8. Laboratory Report Correction In the Lab Report Correction Section the laboratory data (which inevitably have volumetric errors since pre-core and after-core dead volumes are initially filled with oil) are modified and the effect of the dead volumes on the recorded data is removed. After setting the required data (values for pre- core dead volume, injection rate, and pro-core dead volumes), with pressing the calculate button, the corrected report will be saved in the desired place.

9. Compare The goal of this section is to compare the results acquired during: 1) two laboratory tests 2) a laboratory test with a simulation run 3) and two simulation runs with each other. The Laboratory test data should be written into the standard Report format.

10. Numerical SCAL Estimation In this section, the output of an unsteady-state water flood experiment is fed into the software and the goal is to obtain the full curve relative permeability and capillary pressure by history matching the laboratory data. For Numerical SCAL Estimation Module core flooding experiment outputs, core and test properties, and a range (of minimum and maximum values) for uncertain parameters is required. The software works by running simulation tests based on the entered values and tries to gain the best history match by selecting different values of uncertain parameters (within the specified range) based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm. After the optimization process is completed (by confirming the obtained match), the matched SCAL data are displayed in the optimization results window in which the final output can be exported in both formats of Text or Excel files.

11. JBN Estimation In JBN Estimation section, the output of an unsteady-state water flood experiment is fed to the software and the relative permeability curves of the core is estimated by the JBN method. JBN Method ignores the capillary pressure and calculates the phases’ relative permeability only after the water front reaches the end of the

12. Monte Carlo Study Monte Carlo study can assist the user in designing a laboratory test when dealing with core parameter’s uncertainty. The data required for this section are run parameters, uncertain parameters, and run control data. Each Monte Carlo run selects its parameters from the uncertain parameters range (randomly, and considering the parameter distribution). After each run, The results are saved under the selected Group Name in the Desktop/PE Relperm Reports directory. The results can be opened with Compare Parameter Section to study the range of parameters changes.

13. Software Validation Simulator Validation Laboratory Report Correction Validation SCAL Estimation Methods Validation In this section two commercial softwares of ECLIPSE ® and SENDRA ® will assist us to evaluate the results of our developed software.

14. Simulator Validation Running different simulators with the same simulation data (same core properties, same SCAL, same PVT, etc) the following outputs are obtained for DP, Qo, Qw.

15. Laboratory Report Correction Validation To study the effect of dead volumes on the core an ECLIPSE model with Pre-core and after- core dead volumes (initially 100% filled with Oil) was constructed. The model, Then, was executed and its report file was compared with the same ECLIPSE run without the dead volumes.

16. SCAL Estimation Methods Validation In this section, the PE Relperm ability to history match laboratory data and to obtain the unknown SCAL properties of the rock is estimated. For this aim, five cases (strongly water wet, moderate water wet, neutral wet, moderate oil wet, and strong oil wet) were simulated by ECLIPSE and their output was fed to both PE Relperm and SENDRA for SCAL Estimation. For the SCAL Estimation, the unknown parameters are Sor, KrwM, nw, KroM, no, Co, ao, Cw, and aw for both SENDRA and PE Relperm.

17. Case 1: Moderate water wet K= 5 md Phi= 0.2 Fr Swi= 0.2 Fr q-inj= 1.0 cc/min SCAL Estimation Methods Validation

18. Case 2: Strong water wet K= 1 md Phi= 0.1 Fr Swi= 0.2 Fr q-inj= 0.5 cc/min SCAL Estimation Methods Validation

19. Case 3: Neutral water wet K= 5 md Phi= 0.2 Fr Swi= 0.2 Fr q-inj= 0.5 cc/min SCAL Estimation Methods Validation

20. Case 4: Strong oil wet K= 1 md Phi= 0.1 Fr Swi= 0.2 Fr q-inj= 0.5 cc/min SCAL Estimation Methods Validation

21. Case 5: Moderate oil wet K= 5 md Phi= 0.2 Fr Swi= 0.2 Fr q-inj= 1.0 cc/min SCAL Estimation Methods Validation

22. Petroemertat Co. Software Development Division thanks your kind attention and appreciates your questions. THANK YOU! Thank You