1. English vowel teams ieiaio eiey ee eaeoeu ew ai ay au aw oi oyoe oaooou ow ui uyue regularirregularregular rule

2. ie fierce pier bier Pierce fiend chief thief relief... middle long-e two syllables final long-i die tie lie pie fie hie... diet quiet exception short-e friend (Silent-e rule)

3. ea sea heap read lead lease team real steal beat seat steal... long-elong-a great break short-e head dead read lead instead steady bread dread thread tread spread meadow short-e health wealth stealth realm sweat leather weather heather

4. ou house thousand about out loud louse tout proud hour our round cloud... regular “ow!” after /y/ long-u you your youth short-u double trouble country couple soup group Houston exception soul

5. ow know slow sow bow row grow blow stow glow crow low.. how cow sow bow. row brow now scow pow plow prow “ oh!” “ow!” brown down brown clown gown allow tower flower cower power dower endow own sown mown slower tower mower grower “ oh!”

6. oo moo boot toot boom soon choose cool stool mood moon fool... regular long-u before /d/short round-u good hood stood wood before /k/ short round-u book hook shook took crook cook look nook rook brook shortened short-u flood blood foot

7. ee bee see feed eel seen keen feet meet creep beep beetle... regular long-e exception short-i been exceptions long-a entrée fiancee nee (Silent-e rule with no consonant)

8. oa boat goat road goal shoal groan roam foam boast toast roast... regular long-o exceptions “aw!” broad exceptions vv boa coagulate coaxial Noah

9. oe toe hoe floe roe doe woe shoe (Silent-e rule) regular long-o exception long-u

10. ai,ay maid paid raid tail wail sail sailor fail pain rain Spain raise.. middle long-a exception short-e said again final long-a say pay payment ray day bay may nay stay play..

11. oi,oy soil foil toil spoil coil coin loin choice quoit adroit.. medial exception croissant final boy toy Roy Troy soy cloy annoy Royal loyal...

12. ui suit fruit recruit juice before /t/ before /i/ build building built guild ruin bi-syllabic /uw-i/

13. uy buy guy buyer regular long-i

14. ue true blue due hue clue glue sue rue regular long-u (Silent-e rule) segue guess vague league rogue exceptions

15. eu, ew neuter pneumonia medial long-u final long-u blew dew hew mew new pew crew few exception long-o sew

16. au, aw caught taught taut middle middle lawn hawk final law saw caw gnaw flaw maw craw raw

17. eo geography geology after /g/ before /r/ George Georgia

18. ei,ey weigh neighbor their theirs before /gh/ long-a after /c/ long-e receive receipt conceit deceit conceive deceive final long-a they hey grey prey exception long-e weird

19. ia, io, ious stressed long-i, shwa bias dial diary vial via diary riot maniac radial radiant serious various stressed long e, short-a