1. Fixed Mobile Convergence

2. Topics Introduction Technologies in FMC FMC with IP FMC with IMS
FMC with SIP
FMC with UMA

3. Introduction

4. Focus: Messaging Trends
Global Messaging Market Growing by 1 Billion Users from 2006 to 2010
Wireless Subscriber Growth
Next Generation Messaging

5. Mobile Applications Have Come Long Way
But This Is Just The Beginning…. ?

6. Pieces of the Puzzle…. Originally Voice and SMS New handset paradigm
Larger Screens
Keyboards
Powerful Graphics
Cameras
Wall Garden – Is it all about control
MVNO’s making changes?
Manageability
Affordable data plans
Slow Rollouts before..
WiFi is everywhere!
3G is finally here!
WiMax is coming…

7. Pieces of the Puzzle…. Continuity
In Real Time Transfer …
Home PC to Mobile Device
Mobile Device to PC
3G to Enterprise
Home to 3G

8. So the Puzzle is coming together…
Its no longer just a Phone!
Lifestyle-enabled communicator and information device.
3G Networks Carrier Rollout
Smartphone Adoption
Pre-IMS/IMS Cores
Content Providers
Video
Instant Messaging
Social Networking
LBS
PPT
Traffic
Advertising

9. Consumer and Enterprise Linking Communities with Unified Messaging
Presence-enabled Applications
Send an IM
Traditional
Send/Share Files
Send an SMS
Carrier
Send an
Presence
Make a Call
Conference Call
Social
Start a Video Call
Where are you?
Enterprise
User Controlled Community Groups
Unified User Interface and Feature Set

10. Now that technology is arriving.. It’s all about user experience!
Executive
Mother
Student
Document Sharing
Traffic Reports
Flight Information .
Traffic
Restaurants .
Chat
Games
Music
Video .
Challenges
Multiple Devices and Different Users
Multiple Applications
(Voice, VCC, IM, SMS ++) – How to unify
Multiple Access Technologies
(Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, CDMA, GSM, UMTS, DORA)

11. Mobilize traditional PC-based applications – FMC.
Mobile Applications
Mobile Messaging
Voice (VoIP) and VCC
Mobile Video Applications
Streaming Content
Location Services
Interactive Gaming
Web Browsing
ABI Research, 2006
Mobilize traditional PC-based applications – FMC.

12. Cellular Network’s Wide coverage Large number of users
Low speeds (in kbps)
High deployment costs

13. Wired Networks High speeds High Bandwidth Low coverage
Inexpensive to set up

14. Fixed Mobile Convergence
3GPP2
ITU-T
Q 1761
Q FMC-REQ
Q FMC-PAU
Q FMC-IMS
PRE-IMS
UMA
WIRELESS/
MOBILE
IMS
If we see the steps in converging the fixed and mobile, there are several solutions, such as using CTP, UMA/GAN and finally using IMS which is currently believed as the ultimate solution for FMC.
In terms of standardization or recommendation, there are several organizations involved, such as ETSI-TISPAN (fixed-NGN) and 3GPP (GSM) & 3GPP2(CDMA).
From ITU-T there are also some recs. Concerning the FMC such as …
There are others organization involved, such as OMA, CableLabs, UMAC, FMCA
In the next slides we will see the brief description of these terms.
GAN: Generic Access Network
(TISPAN = Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking)
IMS is defined by 3GPP from Release 5 (2002) onwards [13] and the current version is Release 8 (June 2006) [37]. The 3GPP2 equivalent of IMS is the MMD (Multi Media Domain), which is fully interoperable with 3GPP IMS [13].
CABLELAB: fixed
OMA: application
WIRELINE/
FIXED
ETSI
Other organizations involved: OMA, CableLabs, UMAC, FMCA, …

15. IP based convergence backbone
NETWORK CONVERGENCE
EDGE / UMTS / HSDPA
Service “Umbrella”
IP based convergence backbone
WiMAX
802.16d
WiMAX
802.16e
WiFi
MacroCell
MicroCell
PicoCell
In-building, Hotspots
Urban, Suburban
Suburban, Rural

16. FMC Today Mobility and Bandwidth are driving forces for FMC
Focus on Voice (VCC) and SMS - now Messaging
Symbian
S60 and UIQ
CDMA / BREW
(Kyocera Wi-Fi)
Windows Mobile
(InROM ISV)
Bandwidth and network are limiting factors
Handsets have been an issue
Wi-Fi used in place of 3G
Applications are bandwidth and handset limited
Mobility and Bandwidth are driving forces for FMC

17. Fixed Mobile Convergence
Way of connecting wireless to wireline infrastructure
The ultimate goal of convergence is to deliver seamless experience across multiple locations,
multiple devices and
multiple types of use
(The Yankee group, Nov 2004)

18. Features of FMC Multi N/w Deployment
(Reference:

19. Features of FMC
Unified Service of fixed and mobile n/w’s with one phone, one number and one bill
Seamless roaming between cellular, Wi-Fi, WiMAX and what ever wireless technology comes next.
More reliable mobile service with wider coverage at lower cost. Closer integration between public and enterprise phone networks.
Friendly user interfaces that makes it easy to make and manage calls (the user has a choice to select the type of network depending upon cost and convenience).

20. Features of FMC
Friendly user interface that makes it easy to make and manage calls (the user has a choice of N/w depending upon chose and convenience).

21. Motivator FMC Fixed Operator (with no Mobile assets) Perspective
Reverse the loss of voice-service minutes and revenue to mobile providers (MNVOs)
Reduce CAPEX and OPEX (harmonized network)
Offer new value-added Services
Reduce Churn, attract new customers, market “Brand”
Fixed Operator (with Mobile assets) Perspective
Offer new value-added Services -increase revenue
Mobile Operator Perspective
Offer new value-added Services`
Improve coverage (indoor /outdoor –Wi-Fi)
Cable Operator Perspective
Can offer a quadruple bundling of VoIP, video, mobility and broadband access services
Do Nothing -Disappear
New Services –More Minutes
New Services –Better Reach
Source:
Adrian Scrase (ETSI), Mobile Fixed Convergence Progress with the Joint 3GPP and ETSI TISPAN Initiative, 3G World Congress, November 2005
Girish, Muckai (ARRIS), “Fixed Mobile Convergence for Cable Operators”, June 2006

22. Objective FMC
Seamless services from the user perspective across the heterogeneous fixed (i.e., PSTN, ISDN, PSDN, WAN/LAN/CATV, etc) and mobile networks should be guaranteed in FMC.
Seamless service provisioning from the operator perspective across the heterogeneous fixed (i.e., PSTN, ISDN, PSDN, WAN/LAN/CATV, etc) and mobile networks should be guaranteed in FMC.
Generalized Mobility supporting should be supported in FMC (i.e., terminal mobility, user mobility and session mobility). For a given scenario, different level mobility may be needed.
Ubiquity of service availability. The end-users can enjoy virtually any application, from any location, on any device. All the services/application can be used by an end-user through any kind of access technology if that service has been subscribed and is supported by his/her terminal device. The service/application availability is only dependent on the user's subscription and capability of the terminals.
Supporting multiple user identities and authentication/authorization mechanisms.
According to the draft of the ITU-T rec. on FMC General Requirement, the objectives of FMC are: …
Source: Draft of ITU-T FMC-REQ “FMC General Requirements“

23. So why don’t I give all my employees a mobile phone and be done with it?
Cost - mobile minutes are more expensive than landline minutes
Stranded Assets – I’ve invested in IP PBXs and IP desk phones and do not want those investments to go to waste
Lack of Integration - My deskbound employees don’t need a mobile phone, but I don’t want two islands of users (desk and mobile)
Slide somewhat self explanatory – objections exist in going “all mobile”, and that FMC solves for the concerns, as seen on the following slide
Fixed Mobile Convergence – the seamless integration of mobility into
business’s fixed infrastructure - addresses each of these concerns

24. FMC addresses “going mobile”
Cost - mobile minutes are more expensive than landline minutes
Stranded Assets – I’ve invested in IP PBXs and IP desk phones and do not want those investments to go to waste
Lack of Integration - My deskbound employees don’t need a mobile phone, but I don’t want two islands of users
A key component of FMC is cost efficiency – many implementations
can keep calls “on-net”, saving mobile minutes
FMC is designed to work in tandem with existing infrastructure, in
many cases making it more useful
Cost savings are important, but enterprises are telling us that enhancing productivity is equal to or more important than absolute cost savings (you can transition to the next slide by discussing dual mode FMC)
The beauty of FMC is that deskbound, semi-mobile, and mobile
employees share the same feature capability and environment

25. Technology in FMC

26. Levels of FMC
Network Convergence: Fixed/mobile networks physically share transportation infrastructure. (access N/w & core N/w)
Commercial Convergence: Resources of Fixed/mobile networks are pooled.
Service Convergence: Seamless delivery of Fixed/mobile telephony and supporting services is achieved. (voice, IM, SMS)
Terminal Convergence:

27. FMC + Access Technologies:
Digital subscriber line (DSL):
24 Mbps downstream
3 Mbps upstream.
converged multimedia applications
Wireless local area network (WLAN):
low-cost, high-bandwidth
A user with WLAN access could be connected through appropriate multi-access (WLAN and cellular) terminals to the Internet, to the PSTN, or to mobile network(s).

28. FMC + Access Technologies
Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) :
Broadband wireless access (BWA) GHz frequency band range (as per IEEE specification in 2004).
Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA):roaming between a cellular network and fixed IP-based wireless networks.

29. FMC in Some Places Include
Multi Media Messaging Service (MMS)
WLAN with CDMA service
Integrated Portal Service

30. Multi Media Messaging Service (MMS)
MMS allows mobile phone users send and receive messages with formatted text graphics, photographs and audio –video clips.
With the integration of digital camera and mobile phone, MMS usage increases.

31. WLAN with CDMA
In a zone where an access point is established, subscribes use WLAN service. When the subscribers are out of zone, they use CDMA.
High speed, low price from WLAN
Wide coverage from CDMA

32. Integrated Portal Service
Integration of mobile and Web-based portals.
It provides aggregated content and services through a mobile Internet network.

33. FMC With IP

34. Current Typical Solutions for FMC
IP-PBX or soft-switch with mobile n/w interface
IMS based coverage solution
UMA Dual Mode solution

35. What is IP-PBX???
The Internet Protocol Private Branch eXchange (IP PBX) is telephone switching equipment that resides in a private business instead of the telephone company.
An IP PBX delivers employees dial-tone, the ability to conference, transfer, and dial other employees by extension number as well as many other features. (Virtual Private Network Services..)
Voice transmissions are sent via data packets over a data network instead of the traditional phone network
Least Routing of cellular.
3G ???(not applicable to 3G)…

36. Converged Fixed-Mobile solution
Fixed N/W
IPPBX
IP Phone
WLAN AP
Mobile N/W
Dual Mode Device (IP-PBX client)

37. Reference: http://www.nmscommunications.com/file/WebinarNov05
FixedMobileConvergence.pdf

38. IP Enabled PBX functions on one device while on campus utilizing the WLA|N ( b/g) infrastructure.
Reduces on-campus and inter-campus calls.
Only with in campus
3G????(not applicable because IP-PBX does not support)
(companies like Nokia, Avaya, Motorola use this technology).

39. FMC With SIP

40. FMC using SIP
FMC solutions aimed at wireline operators take an opposite approach from those aimed at wireless providers
Wireline-oriented FMC solutions are based on SIP standards
SIP approach has benefits since SIP has already entered the emerging wireless network (via 3GPP) and is inherently compatible with IMS architecture

41. INTRODUCTION to SIP H.323 protocol Session initiation protocol
SIP considered to be a simpler, more flexible alternative to H.323 with the ability to support advanced services.

42. What is SIP
SIP or Session Initiation Protocol is an application-level control protocol for setting up, changing and terminating multimedia sessions between participants on IP data networks.
SIP is a text-based protocol, similar to HTTP and SMTP, for initiating interactive communication sessions between users. Such sessions include voice, video, chat, interactive games, and virtual reality.

43. SIP Architecture

44. SIP Entities User Agent User Agent Client User Agent Server
Proxy Server
Redirect Server
Registrar Server

45. How SIP works Long distance calls through the traditional telephony
Telephony system works via a cog and wheel setup
SIP refers to a protocol that allows computers to talk to each other without going through a central station.
SIP is typically offered in two formats, computer based and hardware based

46. SIP based telephony

47. SIP Session Establishment and Termination

48. Services that SIP can provide
Call Hold
Consultation Hold
Unattended Transfer
Call forward on Busy/NoAnswer/Unconditiona
3-Way Conference
Find-Me
Incoming/Outgoing Call Screening
Call Waiting

49. SIP structure

50. SIP based FMC solution

51. SIP in FMC
FMC is likely to bring to reality the following scenarios hitherto considered impossible.
A cell phone user may start receiving calls on his SIP home phone when he enters his home, saving spectrum and charges for the ‘home roaming usage’. This kind of hand-off is both extremely non-intrusive and cost beneficial.
Enterprise subscribers may roam their mobile number into a business environment via one to many SIP devices. This may be offered by a service bureau as a managed service.

52. Contd…
Enterprise subscribers may roam their mobile numbers in their enterprise network via one to several SIP devices. This further establishes that none of the existing infrastructure will be rendered a waste.
Mobile subscribers may continue enjoying all enhanced services available on their home PLMN networks in any roaming network they are visiting and on their landline networks as well.
Mobile subscribers may seamlessly roam between locations with calls transparently following them irrespective of whether they are in a cable zone or a public WiFi hot spot.

53. SIP in IMS The key technology behind IMS is the SIP protocol
Advantages of SIP
Simple
Extensible
Flexible
Familiar

54. SIP in IMS

55. FMC With IMS

56. Introduction to IMS IMS stands for IP Multimedia Subsystem
IMS is a key enabler of Fixed-Mobile Convergence
IMS is an architecture that merges the applications and capabilities of the Internet with both wireless and wire line telephony, and promotes fixed/mobile convergence.
An IMS/SIP approach enables both voice and data applications to run over IP, rather than locking it into the mobile carriers' legacy networks.

57. Layered Approach Access Network Core Network
Transport ( Connectivity) layer
Core Network
Control Layer
Service Layer

58. IMS Architecture Overview

59. Functional Architecture

60. Horizontal Integration of IMS

61. Advantages of Horizontal Integration
Service Enablers and common functions can be reused for multiple operations
Operations competence required is more generic
Helps to provide interoperability and reaming and other such functions more economically to the consumer

62. Interoperability in IMS

63. Advantages over Existing Systems
The core network is independent of a particular access technology ( GSM, WCDMA, CDMA and also WLAN)
Integrated mobility for all network applications
Easier migration of applications from fixed to mobile users
Faster deployment of new services based on standardized architecture

64. Advantages over Existing Systems
New applications such as presence information, videoconferencing, Push to talk over cellular (POC), multiparty gaming, community services and content sharing.
Evolution to combinational services, for example by combining instant messaging and voice
User profiles are stored in a central location

65. Issues Related to IMS
Benefits need to be further articulated in terms of actual savings.
IMS is "operator friendly" which means that it provides the operator with comprehensive control of content at the expense of the consumer.
IMS uses the 3GPP variant of SIP, which needs to interoperate with the IETF SIP.
IMS is an optimization of the network, and investments for such optimization are questionable.

66. Substitution of Legacy System

67. CS vs PS

68. FMC With UMA

69. Unlicensed Mobile Access
What is UMA?
Unlicensed Mobile Access
Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) technology provides access to GSM and GPRS mobile services over unlicensed spectrum technologies, including Bluetooth and
It establishes a standard for seamless hand-off and roaming between a cellular network and fixed IP-based wireless networks .

70. UMA
UMA lets mobile operators deliver voice, data and IMS/SIP(IP Multi media Subsystem /Session Initiated Protocol) applications to mobile phones on Wi-Fi access network using dual-mode mobile handsets.
In order to promote the widespread adoption of UMA technology, a number of leading companies within the wireless industry have jointly developed a set of open specifications.

71. UMA Protocols
UMA is on top of it at the transport layer (Layer 4) and has its own set of control protocols .

72. UNC The UMA specification is based around UNC. What is UNC???
A UMA Network Controller (UNC) acts as a virtual base station,
providing handoff
between cellular
and Wi-Fi networks.

73. Cellular /UMA

74. How UMA Technology Works
A mobile subscriber with a UMA-enabled, dual-mode handset moves within range of an unlicensed wireless network to which the handset is allowed to connect.
Upon connecting, the handset contacts the UMA Network Controller (UNC) over the broadband IP access network to be authenticated and authorized to access GSM voice and GPRS data services via the unlicensed wireless network.

75. (Contd..)
If approved, the subscriber’s current location information stored in the core network is updated, and from that point on all mobile voice and data traffic is routed to the handset via the Unlicensed Mobile Access Network (UMAN) rather than the cellular radio access network (RAN).

76. Roaming
When a UMA-enabled subscriber moves outside the range of an unlicensed wireless network to which they are connected, the UNC and handset facilitate roaming back to the licensed outdoor network. This roaming process is completely transparent to the subscriber.

77. Handover
Handover in:
The mobile station moves from macro network to a UMAN.
Handover out:
The mobile station moves from UMAN to macro network.
Handover UMA:
The mobile station moves with in a UMAN or from UMAN to UMAN.

78. Handoff Specifications
Subject to mode selection, UMA shall support seamless handover in and handover out ,provided the following conditions are true:
The mobile station stays within the limits of service (pedestrian state of motion)
The mobile station remains during the time of handover within the coverage of both the networks.
UMA shall manage bandwidth during handover between macro network and UMAN.

80. Security in UMA
Different security mechanism operate at different levels:
MS to AP – UMA does not mandate any security mechanism, but can coexist with those available, such WPA, WPA2, or WEP.
MS to UNC – The UNC includes a security gateway that provides mutual authentication and encryption for the traffic across the WLAN and the broadband connection.
MS to core mobile network – The encryption and authentication methods used by the MS when using the GERAN are also used to protect UMA connections.
MS to application server – An additional end-to-end data application mechanism (for example, HTTPS) may be used if needed.

81. Advantages Availability & Pricing
UMA could be used to provide better in-building coverage for customers who don't get a good cellular signal in some areas, including basements.
It enables service providers to deliver voice at a lower cost when handsets are within range of an unlicensed wireless network.

82. Issues
If a customer doesn't have a wireless network already in the house, a wireless access point would be needed in addition to a broadband link .
The most expensive and technologically challenging component of UMA solution is the Wi-Fi and cellular handset, because of battery-life limitations, cost, and size .
UMA cannot guarantee the quality of a voice call or the throughput of a data connection and traffic prioritization with QoS can significantly improve performance, especially in a residential environment where traffic is likely to be less heavy than in the enterprise.

83. Pre-IMS Solution – UMA or Mobile/WLAN Convergence Implementations
WLAN/GPRS “Handover” by Nokia
WLAN/GSM VoIP terminal announced by Motorola
NTT DoCoMo: FOMA – WiFi 1)
BT “Fusion”: GSM – WiFi 1)
France Telecom “Business Anywhere”: GPRS-WiFi 1)
O2 Germany UMTS-WiFi 1)
Korean KT & KTF “OnePhone”: CDMA – Bluetooth 2)
Dual Phone, by Deutche Telekom’s T-Com 3)
Dual Phone: International Herald Tribune, 5 September 2005
Sources:
Gianluca Zaffiro (Telecom Italia), Convergent Data and Voice Solutions - Data and Voice Solutions Evolution towards an integrated IP Architecture Evolution towards an integrated IP Architecture, 3G World Congress, November 2005
Dr. Hoon HAN Dr. Hoon HAN (KTF), Vision for Korea for Korea’s wireless/ICT Industry s wireless/ICT Industry - New opportunities and directions New opportunities and directions,3G World Congress, November 2005
3. International Herald Tribune, 5 September 2005

84. UMA Solution Components
UMA “enabled”, plug and play access points. Supporting Bluetooth and WLAN.
UMA profile in handset enabling roaming into unlicensed access network
Standard BSC with minor adjustments to cater for capacity increase in cell handling
Source: Landgren & Neuert, Ericsson Solution Presentation, September 22nd 2004

85. Mobile@Home Solution Overview
BSS
BTS
Transmission
Network
BSC
A/Gb
Core
Network
MSC/HLR/…
IP Network
DSL
Internet
GSM Macro cell
@home pico cell

86. Mobile@Home Solution Overview
BSS
BTS
Transmission
Network
BSC
A/Gb
Core
Network
MSC/HLR/…
IP Network
DSL
Internet
GSM Macro cell
@home pico cell

87. Mobile@Home Solution Overview
BSS
BTS
Transmission
Network
BSC
A/Gb
Core
Network
MSC/HLR/…
HBS
A/Gb
HBSC
IP Network
DSL
Internet
GSM Macro cell
@home pico cell

88. Mobile@Home Solution Overview
BSS
BTS
Transmission
Network
BSC
A/Gb
Core
Network
MSC/HLR/…
HBS
A/Gb
HBSC
IP Network
DSL
Internet
GSM Macro cell
@home pico cell

89. Mobile@Home Solution Overview
BSS
BTS
Transmission
Network
BSC
A/Gb
Core
Network
MSC/HLR/…
HBS
A/Gb
HBSC
IP Network
DSL
Internet
GSM Macro cell
@home pico cell