1. TRADITION Traditional Meanings are METONYMIC The meaning of a PART comes from its relationship to the WHOLE

2. TRADITIONAL MEANING EXPERIENTIAL- The meaning of a particular part references the whole PARTICULAR- Meanings are constructed and derived with in the experience of particular people in particular times and places COMMUNAL- Meaning is grounded in shared experience over time

3. State of Mind Mental Activity Object/Outcome EPISTEME ABSTRACT THINKING NOESIS Meta-physics ARCHAI First Principles DIANOIA METHOD, LOGIC REASON MATHEMATIKA LEARNED CONCLUSIONS DOXA Knowing from direct experience PISTIS Knowing direct experience ZOA Particular Things EIKASIA Imaging, Imagining EIKONES Symbols, arts (imitations)

4. “TRADITION” A LATIN WORD GREEK SIMILARS: – paradosis/ paradidomi : “to put, hand over, allow, grant, offer, share” (alongside of) – paratheke/ paratithemi: “to put, lay (upon, up, in), entrust, commit (maintain, preserve)”

5. “TRADITION” LATIN: trans-dare, tradere, traditio trans: prefix “across” dare: verb “to give” “To give over or across” (time or space)

6. “TRADITION AS --” A VARIETY OF WAYS THE WORD IS USED TRADITION AS— 1.LORE- – Vestigial relics of a disappearing past as opposed to the contemporary or modern; the enemy of progress

7. “TRADITION AS--” 2. CONTENT (MATTER) – Accumulated material inherited from the past, usually accompanied by an attitude (+ or -); – What has been passed on in fixed form (birthday cake; Christmas tree; Thanksgiving turkey 3. PROCESS OF INHERITING/RECEIVING (ACT) – The act (or acts) of inheriting, cultivating, transferring, practicing, performing (baking the cake, buying the tree, cooking the turkey)

8. “TRADITION” 4. THE MEANS OF PASSING ON (FORM) – The techniques by which one passes on or receives (using Grandma’s recipe, putting on the decorations) 5. CANON – Recognized, authorized, normative, official content to be passed on or received – Guaranteed by history, long practice – Opposed to innovation, fashion, idiosyncrasy

9. “TRADITION AS BODY” 6. EMBODIMENT The Universe: 16 Billion Years – If 1” = 1 million years: 1331 feet The Earth: 4.5 Billion Years – If 1” = 1 million years: 375 feet

10. “TRADITION AS BODY” The material in our bodies is – 16 billion years old – The elements developed almost instantly – The have been evolving ever since – The are billions of galaxies – The Universe continues to expand – Completely replaced every 7 years

11. “TRADITION AS--” EXPERIENCE Ability to enter into and live in the experience of our ancestors sensation-perception-interpretation language-culture-art-history

12. INTERPRETIVE SQUARE FOUR KINDS OF QUESTION WHO ARE THESE PEOPLE? ON WHAT LAND DO THEY LIVE? WHAT POWERS OPERATE THERE? WHAT CEREMONIES EMBODY WHAT THE PEOPLE KNOW?

13. THE PEOPLE 1.Who are the People? What do they call themselves? 2. What do others call them? What does the US Government call them? Are they ‘recognized’? 3.What do archeologists and anthropologists say about their origin(s)? 4.What do the People say about their origin(s)? 5.How do the people organize themselves traditionally? What kind(s) of leaders do they have? How does leadership work traditionally?

14. THE PEOPLE 6. Do they have IRA leadership and/or government in addition to traditional leadership? 7. How are The People related to other Native groups? 8. What is the story of their particular experience with the European invaders? (What group(s)? When? Treaties?

15. THE LAND 1.WHERE DID THE PEOPLE ORIGINATE? 2.WHERE ARE THE PEOPLE TODAY? IS THIS THEIR ORIGINAL LAND? IF NOT, HOW DID THEY GET WHERE THEY ARE NOW? DO THE PEOPLE LIVE ON A TREATY RESERVATION? 3.WAS THEIR LAND BASE AFFECTED BY ALLOTMENT? 4.DESCRIBE THE TRADITIONAL WAY OF LIFE OF THE PEOPLE. DO THEY STILL LIVE THEIR TRADITIONAL LIFE WAYS? HOW HAVE THEY ADAPTED?

16. THE LAND 4. DESCRIBE THE ANNUAL CLIMATE OF THE PEOPLE’S LAND. 5. DESCRIBE THE FLORA AND FAUNA OF THE LAND THAT ARE SIGNIFICANT FOR THE PEOPLE’S WAY OF LIFE. 6. DESCRIBE THE MAIN STRATEGIES THE PEOPLE HAVE DEVELOPED TO LIVE IN THEIR PLACE? 7. DESCRIBE THE CURRENT ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND STATUS OF THE PEOPLE?

17. THE LAND 8. HOW DOES THIS LAND ESTABLISH THE FOUNDATION OF THE REGISTER FOR THE PEOPLE’S SYSTEM OF TRADITIONAL MEANING(S)?

18. THE POWERS 1.WHAT MAJOR HOLY POWERS DO THE PEOPLE RECOGNIZE? 2.HOW DO THESE POWERS SHAPE THE PEOPLE’S COSMOS? 3.HOW DO THESE POWERS SHAPE THE PEOPLE’S LIFE WAYS AND SOCIAL ORDER? 4.WHAT POWERS ARE CHAOS-CAUSING

19. WHAT IS ‘HOLY’ POWER Hal, halig (Anglo-Saxon) English derivatives: whole, holistic, wealth, weal, health, hale, hail, heal, well, wel(-fare) Other: Heil, heilige (Ger.); salvus, salve, salud, santé

20. SOME KEY TERMS HOLY= “life-giving power,” order-making EVIL= “death-dealing power,” chaos-making SACRED= “set apart,” “cared for,” “treated with knowledge and care,” something ‘considered’ holy PROFANE= “outside the temple,” i.e., outside human control

21. THE CEREMONIES: The eikones of the People 1.HOW DO THE PEOPLE IMAGINE AND EXPRESS IN WORD AND ACT THE ORDER OF THE COSMOS? 2.WHAT ICONIC ACTS ARE MOST IMPORTANT TO THE PEOPLE? 3.DESCRIBE HOW THESE ACTS ARE PERFORMED? 4.HOW DO THEY ACT AS FORMS OF TRADITION? 5.HOW DO THEY LINK THE PEOPLE, THE LAND AND THE POWERS?