1. A L I M E N T A T I O N A G R I C U L T U R E E N V I R O N N E M E N T Lignocellulose : the biomass feedstock for today and tomorrow Ghislain Gosse [Inra] LIG2G Seminar Reims, 2007 November 26 th

2. A L I M E N T A T I O N A G R I C U L T U R E E N V I R O N N E M E N T Global considerations Two challenges : How to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and How to propose solutions to carbon fossil utilisation? One consequence : How to produce a huge amount of renewable carbon in a sustainable way? Biomass feedstock availability is and will be the limiting factor for the development of bioeconomy (energy, chemistry…) In France, 40-50 Mtoe in 2050 versus actual energy consumption of 280 Mtoe Two major consequences : i) Criteria of evaluation of the overall chains (GHG, energy balance…) and mainly ii) How to minimize the competition with food and feed?

3. A L I M E N T A T I O N A G R I C U L T U R E E N V I R O N N E M E N T Classical agriculture Food/Feed Byproducts Dedicated agriculture Byproducts Classical agriculture Food and non food Byproducts Agriculture… 1992 Agriculture 1992-2005… Agriculture… tomorrow, An additional mission Non Food Food/Feed Agriculture and Forestry are the two sources of renewable carbon [Land use competition]

4. A L I M E N T A T I O N A G R I C U L T U R E E N V I R O N N E M E N T From the utilisation of the starch, sugars to the whole utilisation of the storage organ (grain, tubers…), …on the way of the biorefinery, To the use of the whole crop with one common factor, How to produce, to use this lignocellulosic raw material? Lignocellulose is the most ubiquist biomass feedstock at the world level, at the regional level : from agriculture to forestry ressources through biological urban wastes Lignocellulose, the challenge for the future

5. A L I M E N T A T I O N A G R I C U L T U R E E N V I R O N N E M E N T The agricultural biomass feedstock, a learning curve from today to the future Byproducts straw Annual crops C4 perennial crops Short rotation coppice Time Potential

6. A L I M E N T A T I O N A G R I C U L T U R E E N V I R O N N E M E N T By products such as straw… are limited in quantity but they exist today in the field. It is the first step for industrial applications Annual crops, an existing solution (triticale, sorghum…) but not the best in term of yield and sustainability, a solution for transition… C4 perennial crops, the best solution in term of productivity and local impact on environment, not yet ready for large scale use A panel of solution in time and space… Why this learning curve? (1)

7. A L I M E N T A T I O N A G R I C U L T U R E E N V I R O N N E M E N T Why this learning curve? (2) Miscanthus Crop perennity Miscanthus Triticale Interest Insertion in farming system Annual crops Perennial crops Environment Where is the optimum?

8. A L I M E N T A T I O N A G R I C U L T U R E E N V I R O N N E M E N T Biomass feedstock and quality Lignocellulose, but which kind of process of conversion? Lignocellulose quality may be adapted, modified by green biotech more easily than productivity Evolution of quality during crop growth and its management Humid or dry biomass, thermochemical or biological process. One key-question for agriculture and related logistics

9. A L I M E N T A T I O N A G R I C U L T U R E E N V I R O N N E M E N T Biomass feedstock and the industrial supply area Size (200 000 t/y or 5 000 000 t/y), consequences are completely different Complementarity, synergy with other sources of biomass Impacts on farming systems Impacts on rural development Acceptability by actors of the chain including society

10. A L I M E N T A T I O N A G R I C U L T U R E E N V I R O N N E M E N T [Agronomie][Prétraitement / Synthèse][Logistique] Etapes ProductionConversionCollecte Commodités Produits BiomasseIntermédiaires Biomasse sèche Hydrocarbures Précondi- tionnement Broyage et/ou pyrolyse Synthèse Conditionnement gaz et séparation Gazéification + Energie Chaleur Electricité Co-génération Huiles Pyrolyse + H 2 O Biomasse humide Ethanol Intermédiaires de la lignine Fermentation multi-sucres Précondi- tionnement Broyage et/ou méthanisation Biogaz Prétraitement Hydrolyse enzymatique © INRA / J.Cormeau

11. BIOFUELS 2 nd GENERATION PMII FUTUROL

12. Aims of this project « Setup and validate, technically and economically, a process of ethanol production from lignocellulose » Adhoc research and development will be in relationship with a continuous pilot plant (scale of one ton per day), a preliminary step before an industrial demonstration plant. This pilot plant will be setup nearby a first generation distillery (from sugar beet).

13. A L I M E N T A T I O N A G R I C U L T U R E E N V I R O N N E M E N T Conclusion (1) Biomass, a challenge for the XXI th century Towards a society based upon Bioeconomy? Biomass availability is the limiting factor and has to be produced in a sustainable way. Lignocellulose is the key raw material for tomorrow Perennial C4 crops is the ideal target in a panel of solutions to implement according to different socio, pedoclimatic conditions. This panel will include residues, annual crops, perennial crops and wood

14. A L I M E N T A T I O N A G R I C U L T U R E E N V I R O N N E M E N T Biomass ressources have to be defined (especially in term of quality) according to the industrial process, green biotech may be an important contribution a key point for your seminar today! Biomass requires large scale areas, acceptability and rural development are crucial questions Conclusion (2)