1. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey. All rights reserved. Not to be copied or used in whole or in part without the express written consent of Stewart McKelvey #SOCIALMEDIA AND YOUR WORKPLACE PRESENTED BY: RUTH TRASK

2. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved Social networking sites have blurred the line between employee’s personal life and employer’s business interests. Information can be uploaded and broadcast instantaneously to wide number of “friends”, acquaintances and strangers. Frequently seeing employment-related cases stemming from social media use. INTRODUCTION 2 #SOCIALMEDIA

3. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved For employers, the social networking concern is twofold: (i) employees post content without considering employment implications; and (ii) the proliferation and exponential reach of social networking. Idea that “the Internet is forever”, particularly if information is re-circulated and re-posted. Potential to reach a global audience at virtually no cost to users. 3 #SOCIALMEDIA SOCIAL MEDIA AFFECTS YOUR WORKPLACE

4. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved Short communications, often made on the spur of the moment, are vulnerable to misunderstandings, and can result from a brief moment of poor judgment. Like other forms of communication, electronic posts can be harassing, discriminatory, or defamatory. When employees are tweeting or sharing status updates, they’re not working. 4 #SOCIALMEDIA SOCIAL MEDIA AFFECTS YOUR WORKPLACE

5. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved Checking up on new employees: Privacy and Pre-hiring How does social media impact the workplace? Case discussion Policy, policy, policy (we can’t say it enough) 5 #SOCIALMEDIA OVERVIEW

6. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved PRE-EMPLOYMENT 6 #SOCIALMEDIA

7. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved Pre-Employment and Hiring Checks Users have no reasonable expectation of privacy over content they upload to a social networking site (Lougheed Imports, 2010: BCLRB, Canada Post, 2012: CLAD). No prohibition on using Google or social media to gather information for purpose of pre-employment or background checks. PRE-EMPLOYMENT 7 #SOCIALMEDIA

8. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved PRE-EMPLOYMENT 8 #SOCIALMEDIA Human Rights General Rule: Do not use any information gathered in pre-employment period in a manner inconsistent with human rights legislation (i.e., race, religion, disability). No discrimination based on prior, unrelated conviction of a criminal offence. Cannot make hiring decision based on any protected human rights characteristic.

9. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved PRIVACY 9 #SOCIALMEDIA

10. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved R v. Cole (2012 SCC) Teacher had work-issued laptop on which was stored child pornography. Reasonable expectation of privacy in hard drive of laptop given employee’s permitted personal use of system. Employer policy was permissive as to personal use. But, laptop issued for a work-related purpose as part of an integrated business information system. Employers may have an interest in monitoring network activity and computer contents, including for safety and security reasons. PRIVACY 10 #SOCIALMEDIA

11. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved DISCIPLINE – THREATENING AND DEROGATORY COMMENTS 11 #SOCIALMEDIA

12. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved DISCIPLINE – THREATENING AND DEROGATORY COMMENTS 12 #SOCIALMEDIA Employees are accountable for Facebook comments, blogs, or tweets that are threatening, derogatory or that violate company policies. In non-unionized context, issue is whether comments or policy breach has left the relationship irreconcilable. In unionized context, issue is whether there are mitigating factors. Are the comments “connected to” the workplace?

13. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved Canada Post (2012: CLAD) Postal clerk, 31 years’ service, fired after postings (made over a month) that were derogatory and mocking statements about supervisors and the employer. Grievance dismissed. Facebook postings were abusive, intimidating, mocking, and widely accessible. Comments had potential to harm employer AND had greatly harmed the supervisors. Two targeted supervisors suffered from emotional distress. THREATENING AND DEROGATORY COMMENTS 13 #SOCIALMEDIA

14. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved Teck Coal (2010: AGA) Grievor dismissed for absenteeism and abuse of sick leave. Employee advised employer he was too sick to work but, at the same time, posted Facebook comment: “In the City and ready to party” Arbitrator found that employee was abusing sick leave. ABUSE OF SICK LEAVE 14 #SOCIALMEDIA

15. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved Sheridan College v OPSEU (2010 ONARB) IT employee grieved termination for unauthorized, inappropriate use of employer’s computer network. After termination, employee posted photo to Facebook page showing rear end of rock climber, with a comment to the effect that his supervisor should “kiss this”. Employee removed the photo that same day. Employee had allowed unauthorized users to access network, and lied during the investigation. EMPLOYER EQUIPMENT 15 #SOCIALMEDIA

16. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved Sheridan College v OPSEU (2010 ONARB) Arbitrator found that employee did not have a reasonable expectation of privacy. Policy clearly stated that an employee’s IT activities could be monitored, and the employee made no attempt to hide his activities. Importance of policy governing appropriate use of computer resources, which are necessary to carry out job functions. 16 #SOCIALMEDIA EMPLOYER EQUIPMENT

17. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved Alberta Union of Provincial Employees (2012: AGAA) Grievor was regular PT clerical employee who was fired for improperly touching a co-worker and posting harassing messages on Facebook. Termination followed earlier 5-day suspension for ‘sexual harassment’. Grievor unable to concede certain facts or admit anything, categorically denied behaviour was blameworthy. WORKPLACE HARASSMENT 17 #SOCIALMEDIA

18. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved Alberta Union of Provincial Employees (2012: AGAA) What do you think? Postings made while at work. Employer had “harassment policy”. Grievor allegedly struck co-worker on buttocks and, after co-worker complained, lengthy exchange of Facebook communications in which grievor talked about co- worker’s appearance and marital status. WORKPLACE HARASSMENT 18 #SOCIALMEDIA

19. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved Alberta Union of Provincial Employees (2012: AGAA) Board characterized this as “workplace foolishness” and found discharge too excessive. 2 and 1/3 year suspension. Reinstated “to employment”, not to previous job. WORKPLACE HARASSMENT 19 #SOCIALMEDIA

20. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved WORKPLACE HARASSMENT 20 #SOCIALMEDIA

21. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved Credit Valley Hospital (2012: OLAA) Adolescent outpatient jumped to his death from employer’s multilevel parking garage. Grievor, assigned to assist scene cleanup, took pictures with his cell phone, and posted them on his Facebook page with a caption under each picture. “this is what I have to clean up” “Mother pleads with kid not to jump..but did anyways …” Grievor discharged for breaching confidentiality of patient, employee and corporate information. BREACH OF POLICY 21 #SOCIALMEDIA

22. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved Credit Valley Hospital (2012: OLAA) Signed off on confidentiality policy at time of hire. During investigation, he denied posting on Facebook, and said he didn’t know whether the deceased was a patient. What do you think? Arbitrator thought that employee ought to have exercised greater caution and diligence. BREACH OF POLICY 22 #SOCIALMEDIA

23. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved Credit Valley Hospital (2012: OLAA) “In my view, the Hospital’s Policy and Code clearly apply to [the grievor’s] actions, which must be viewed in their totality. He posted two pictures on his Facebook page of the scene with comments about the patient’s suicide on Hospital property that others viewed. By so doing, [the grievor] has publicized and disseminated confidential patient information on the Internet about this most tragic event”. BREACH OF POLICY 23 #SOCIALMEDIA

24. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved YOU NEED A POLICY! 24 #SOCIALMEDIA

25. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved Without a policy, discipline does not usually “stick”. A policy addressing social networking commentary, which is continuously updated and modified as new forms of social media develop. That policy, and consistent enforcement, is not foolproof, but will help support discipline. Maintain flexibility for work-related social media use, if needed. YOU NEED A POLICY! 25 #SOCIALMEDIA

26. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved Employees can participate in social network activities on their own time. Define acceptable versus unacceptable activities. Social networking must not interfere with work duties. Employees must make it clear that their personal views are theirs alone and do not represent the views of their employer. Integrate with workplace bullying policy. YOU NEED A POLICY! 26 #SOCIALMEDIA

27. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved Strike a balance between need to monitor versus allowing employee freedom to perform job functions. After the decision in Cole, be clear if your intention is to preserve your access to information stored on employees’ work computers. Ensure that you are prepared to enforce your policy. A policy that goes ignored day-to-day is not likely to be enforced by an arbitrator. YOU NEED A POLICY! 27 #SOCIALMEDIA

28. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved Employees must respect confidential and proprietary information including logos, copyrighted material, or registered trademarks. Make it clear that discipline or termination may result from violating the policy. Review with employee and have them acknowledge by their signature. Train managers. Be transparent about your intentions. YOU NEED A POLICY! 28 #SOCIALMEDIA

29. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved QUESTIONS 29 #SOCIALMEDIA

30. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved THANK YOU! Ruth E. Trask 709.570.8893 rtrask@stewartmckelvey.com 30 #SOCIALMEDIA

31. © 2013 Stewart McKelvey all rights reserved These materials are intended to provide brief informational summaries only of legal developments and topics of general interest. The materials should not be relied upon as a substitute for consultation with a lawyer with respect to the reader’s specific circumstances. Each legal or regulatory situation is different and requires review of the relevant facts and applicable law. If you have specific questions related to these materials or their application to you, you are encouraged to consult a member of our firm to discuss your needs for specific legal advice relating to the particular circumstances of your situation. Due to the rapidly changing nature of the law, Stewart McKelvey is not responsible for informing you of future legal developments. 31 #SOCIALMEDIA