1. 1 Ecological Feminism Johan Hattingh Stellenbosch University South Africa

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8. 8 12 + positions Nature Radical Ruthless developer Conservationism Preservationism Extensionism Human Biocentric Ecocentric Ecosphere Deep Ecology Eco-feminism Social Ecology Bioregionalism Instrumental value theories Intrinsic value theories Transformational agenda

9. 9 Reading Karin J Warren The power and promise of ecological feminism In: Donald VanDeVeer and Christine Pierce, The Environmental Ethics and Policy Book, Thompson/Wadsworth, 3 rd ed., pp. 282-296

10. 10 Overview  Exercise on conceptual distinctions  An oppressive conceptual framework  Examples and effects  Agenda of ecofeminism  First person singular narrative  Characteristics of ecofeminism

11. 11 Oppressive conceptual framework  Dualist thinking  Hierarchical thinking  Logic of domination

12. 12 Examples and effect of oppresive conceptual framework  Examples The division of space in a household The division of space in a household  Marginalization of women  Environmental exploitation and destruction

13. 13 The agenda of ecofeminism  Oppose the logic of domination Get rid of sex-gender oppressive categories Get rid of sex-gender oppressive categories To rethink difference To rethink difference  To end all forms of oppression Including naturism Including naturism  To rethink what it means to be human

14. 14 First person singular narrative  I give voice to felt sensitivities  I express ethical attitudes and behaviours that are underplayed in mainstream ethics  I stories confirm that ethics emerges from a situation (a place from where I speak)  I stories have argumentative force

15. 15 Characteristics of ecofeminism  Anti-naturist, anti-sexist, anti-classist etc.  A contextualist ethic, based on defining relationships  Structurally pluralistic (respectful acknowledgement of differences)  Theory in process (change over time)  Inclusivist (voices of all oppressed women)  Not objectivist  Central values of care, love, friendship, trust, appropriate reciprocity  A reconception of what it means to be human