1. OPPORTUNITIES FOR USE OF BIODIESEL IN TRANSPORT Rio de Janeiro, 01 de outubro de /2013. MÁRCIO DE ALMEIDA D’AGOSTO dagosto@pet.coppe.ufrj.br PROGRAMA DE ENGENHARIA DE TRANSPORTES (PET) THE EXPERIENCE OF PET/COPPE/UFRJ IN THE BRAZILIAN SCENARIO (A BRIEF DESCRIPTION)

2. SUMMARY 1.Why is it important? Brazilian transportation sector in figures. 2.What are the Brazilian options? Biofuels. 3.What about our experience? PET/COPPE/UFRJ – 13 years of experience. 4.Final comments.

3. Note: Percentages were calculated based on data provided in pass.km and t.km Source: Own elaboration based on data from FIPE (2011), ANTT (2009), ANTAQ (2009), ANTP (2009) and ANAC (2009). BRAZILIAN TRANSPORTATION SECTOR - FIGURES PassengerFreight RoadRailWaterAirPipe Passenger: ¹ Considering only ferry transport; ² Considering only national transport. Feright: ³ Considering only freight transported by cabotage and inland waterways; 4 Considering only national freight. Urban public transport Brazilian Transportation Sector Modal Split

4. Transportation Sector – 145 MM t CO 2 28% of final energy consumption (81% fossil – 48% diesel oil) Other modes 1,23% - Rail 2,17% - Water 4,59% - Air BRAZILIAN TRANSPORTATION SECTOR - FIGURES Brazilian Transportation Sector Energy Consumption Roadway 92% 130 MM t CO 2 diesel Gasoline / etanol (2009) diesel Bunker oil Jet fuel

5. (2009) Natural gas Diesel Fuel oil Automotive gasoline Aviation gasoline Aviation kerosene Biofuels Electricity BRAZILIAN TRANSPORTATION SECTOR - FIGURES Brazilian Transportation Sector Energy Consumption 28,76% Anhydrous ethanol 71,23% Hydrous ethanol 0,01% Biodiesel

6. BIOFUEL OPTIONS - BRAZIL ETHANOL BIODIESEL DIESEL FROM SUCAR CANE diesel

7. 390 Processing Plants Bases AEHC 25% AEAC + Gasoline A = Gasoline C AEHC / AEAC DEALER AEHC Hydrous ethanol (AEHC) = 19,1 MMm 3 (2009) Anhydrous ethanol (AEAC) = 7 MMm 3 (2009) 27 Primary Bases 47 Secondary Bases Energy from sugarcane bagasse 87% of new vehicles are flex-fuel (2009) Northeastern coast Sugarcane Sources: ANP, SINDICOM, ANFAVEA BIOFUEL OPTIONS - ETHANOL Hydrous ethanol Gasoline C North of Paraná Interior of São Paulo 10 3 m 3

8. INPUTS CatalystEthanol Methanol Co-product Animal fat Residual oil PRODUCTION (48 plants) Biodisel producer Biodiesel producer Fleet owner Refinery Distributor Stations 5% biodiesel added to petro-diesel Oil extraction 71% soybean 20% beef tallow Co-products 171,929 m³ glycerin 1.6 million m³ biodiesel (2009) BIOFUEL OPTIONS - BIODIESEL

9. A M Y R I S BIOFUEL OPTIONS – DIESEL FROM SUGAR CANE

10. COPPE/UFRJ – 13 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE 2001 2003 2006 2008 2012

11. 2001 – 2003 (BX) Biodiesel from Mc Donald´s waste cooking oil 2003 – 2004 (B5 S & B5 F) Biodiesel from waste cooking oil and soybean oil > 20,000 km (without problems) 2 waste collection trucks COPPE/UFRJ – 13 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

12. Power Smoke PM Fuel Consumption B5 S B5 F DIESEL ABSOLUTE VALUES DYNAMOMETER BENCH TEST COPPE/UFRJ – 13 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

13. 2006 - 2007 (B20) Biodiesel from palm tree oil production byproduct Fuel Comsuption + 2% to + 4% COPPE/UFRJ – 13 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE COPPE Comb

14. 3 concrete mixer trucks 2006 - 2008 (B5) Biodiesel from castor beans oil Reference COPPE/UFRJ – 13 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

15. 2012 – 2013 (AMD30) 20 BUSES USING 30% DIESEL FROM SUCAR CANE + B5 (AMD30) 12 MONTHS ON ROAD TEST 1,567,418 km 587,488 l (AMD30) COPPE/UFRJ – 13 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE COPPE Comb

16. + 10% operational costs Diesel Biodiesel (dual fuel) 37% 54% 15% 36% 83% Beverages distribution, TGW = 17ton Diesel or biodiesel (soybean methyl ester), IS = 87% Biodiesel additional costs: 50% CASE STUDY – FREIGHT TRANSPORT BEVERAGE DISTRIBUTION

17. Food distribution, TGW = 16ton Diesel + biodiesel: from B20 to B100 Diesel + sugarcane diesel: from AMD20 to AMD100 CASE STUDY – FREIGHT TRANSPORT FOOD DISTRIBUTION – CITY LOGISTICS

18. FINAL COMMENTS 1.Brazil is world leader in the production of biofuels for transportation – it is an example! 2.We have a large set of opportunities – lets improved them! 3.PET/COPPE/UFRJ and many other unities in UFRJ are engaged to override this challenge!

19. INVITATION

20. LABORATÓRIO DE TRANSPORTE DE CARGA - LTC www.ltc.coppe.ufrj.br Coordenator: Márcio de Almeida D’Agosto dagosto@pet.coppe.ufrj.br Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco H, Sala 119 Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, CEP: 21.949-900 – Rio de Janeiro – RJ Tel: (21) 2562-8139 / 2562-8129 October/2013. OPPORTUNITIES FOR USE OF BIODIESEL IN TRANSPORT THE EXPERIENCE OF PET/COPPE/UFRJ IN THE BRAZILIAN SCENARIO (A BRIEF DESCRIPTION)