1. AP World History New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania
Chapter 25

2. I. Conquest of the New World

3. II. Conquest of the Aztec Empire
Hernan Cortez & 450 men conquer the Aztec empire,
How were 450 Spanish able to conquer the mighty Aztecs?
Better Weapons ( Steel Swords, muskets, cannons, horses)
Other indigenous people hated the Aztecs ( Dona Marina)
Disease

4. The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs
vs.
Fernando Cortés
Montezuma II

5. Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Official European Colony!
Explorers
Conquistadores
Official European Colony!
Missionaries
Permanent Settlers

6. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation

7. III. Conquest of the Incas
Francisco Pizzaro (Conqueror of the Incas)
Led a small band of men and toppled the Inca empire,
Held Inca ruler Atahualpa for ransom, then strangled him & decapitated him

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9. IV Labor Systems of the New World
Encomienda-
land grants to Spanish settlers with total control over local people & land

10. Chapter Twenty-Five: New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania
Colonial Society in the Americas
Sugar and Slavery in Portuguese Brazil
The Engenho
Sugar mill in colonial Brazil
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

11. IV. Labor Systems
Mita or repartmiento system- Spanish crown required 1/7 of male population to work for 4 months in Spanish mines or haciendas
Debt Peonage- Spanish landowners advanced loans to native peoples to buy seed, tools, and supplies in exchange for labor

12. V. Sugar & Slavery in Brazil
The Portuguese in Brazil depended on _Sugar_________.
Engenho- term to describe the complex land, buildings, animals, , equipment, tools capital, & technical skills needed to make molasses& refined sugar from sugar cane
Small pox devastated the indigenous population.
Portuguese imported ___________________ for cane & sugar production

13. Significance of Silver
Major resource of income for Spanish crown
Manila Galleons take it to the Pacific rim for trading
Very popular with Chinese markets
Also trade in the Atlantic basin

14. The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Guadalajara Cathedral
Our Lady of Guadalupe
Guadalajara Cathedral
Spanish Mission

15. The Virgin of Guadalupe

16. Treasures from the Americas!

17. The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Native Indians
Black Slaves

18. Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

19. Which of the following was most lethal for native Americans during early encounters with Europeans?
Firearms
Mounted troops
Smallpox
Steel swords
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

20. Conquistadors were
Entrepreneurs who financed Spain’s voyages of exploration
Spanish conquerors of New World territories, such as Cortes and Pizarro
Exporters of American food crops back to Europe
Native American slaves sent back to Europe
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

21. From highest to lowest, the racial caste’s in Spain’s colonies were:
Creoles, mestizos, & natives
Peninsulares, mestizos, & creoles
Peninsulares, creoles, slaves, & mestizos
Peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, natives, & slaves
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.