1. Cell Structure & Function

2. History of
Cell
Discovery

3. the basic unit of structure and function in living things
Cells are
         
the basic unit of structure
and function in living things

4. Robert Hooke
1635 – 1703

5. Hooke was one of the first people
to observe cells

6. He published a book, Micrographia, in 1665.
It had ideas about:
the life cycle of mosquitoes
origin of craters on the moon
fossils and drawings of microscopic things.

8. Thin slices
of cork from the cork tree.
(tiny rooms – cells)
He was really looking at dead cells – what was left was the cell wall.

9. Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)

10. Anton van Leeuwenhoek’s
simple microscope

11. He looked at:
drops of lake water
scrapings from gums and teeth
water in rain gutters
He saw tiny moving organisms
and called the wretched
beasties “animalcules.”

12. Bacteria from the mouth
                                                                                                                 

13. 200 years later…

14. German botanist 1838 he suggested that all plants are made of cells
Matthias Schleiden ( )
German botanist
1838
he suggested that
all plants are made of cells

15. Theodor Schwann (1810-1882) German zoologist. 1839. suggested that
Theodor Schwann ( ) German zoologist suggested that animals, not just plants are made of cells

16. Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) German doctor 1855 “all cells come
from cells”

17. The work of
these last three
men led to…

18. The
Cell Theory

19. Robert Hooke 1665
First to see “cells” under a microscope that he created.

20. Anton Van Leewenhoek 1674
One of the first scientist to observe living things in pond water with a single lens microscope

21. Robert Brown- 1831
Discovered the cell nucleus

22. Matthias Schleiden
First to discover that plants are made up of cells

23. Theodor Schwann
Discovered that all animals are made up of cells

24. Rudolph Virchow
Virchow's many discoveries include cells in bone and connective tissue
In 1855 he published his now-famous aphorism omnis cellula e cellula ("every cell stems from another cell").

25. The Cell Theory All living things are made up of one or more cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
New cells are produced from existing cells.

26. made of one or more cells
The cell theory states:
All living things are
made of one or more cells

27. The cell theory states:
Cells are the
basic unit of
structure and
function in
living things

28. The cell theory states:
Living cells
only come from
other living
cells

29. The Cell Theory
The modern tenets of the Cell Theory include:     1. All known living things are made up of cells.    2. The cell is structural & functional unit of all living things.    3. All cells come from pre-existing cells by division.             (Spontaneous Generation does not occur).    4. Cells contains hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during cell division.    5. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition.    6. All energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry) of life occurs within cells.    

30. Cell Theory All living things are made up of one or more cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function -smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

31. Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

32. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

33. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
Few internal structures
One-celled organisms, Bacteria

35. Prokaryotic Cells “Simple” Cells Do not contain a nucleus.
Does contain a cell membrane and cytoplasm.
Example: Bacterial cell

37. Eukaryotic Cells “Complex” Cell
Contains a nucleus and several membrane bound organelles in addition to cytoplasm and a cell membrane.

39. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms
Plant
Animal

40. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell

41. “Typical” Animal Cell

42. “Typical” Plant Cell

43. Plant vs. Animal Cells

44. Cell Parts
Organelles

45. Surrounding the Cell

46. Cell Membrane
Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
Double layer

47. Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
Supports & protects cells

48. Inside the Cell

49. Nucleus Directs cell activities
Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
Contains genetic material - DNA

50. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers
Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

51. Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA
Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

52. Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins

53. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane
Contains hereditary material

54. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves materials around in cell
Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

55. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins
Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell

56. Mitochondria
Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
Controls level of water and other materials in cell
Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

57. Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell
Move materials out of the cell

58. Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

59. Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
Contains water solution
Help plants maintain shape

60. Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll
Where photosynthesis takes place

61. Cell Organelles