1. Lighting 3 point lighting

2. Lighting Grid- Used in studios. Grids are made of heavy steel pipes. Lights hang by c-clamps (see pg. 130, Figure 7.14) or gaffer grips (see pg. 131, Figure 7.17)

3. Spotlights- directional light, used for a specific area. Create harsh, dense shadows. Fresnel (fra-nel)- the most common spotlight. Creates a sharp light beam that can be partially blocked by barn doors. This spotlight can be flooded, focused, tilted and panned. Watts vary from 650-watt to 1 kilowatt. Fresnel spots burn at 3,200 Kelvin Fluorescent spots burn at 3,000 Kelvin Indoor lamps burn at 4,200 Kelvin Outdoor lamps burn at 5,600 Kelvin

4. Floodlights- nondirectional, diffused light. Creates transparent shadows. Scoop- Used in studios, soft light but somewhat directional. Softlight- large instruments. The opening of the reflector is covered with a diffusing material that scatters light so much, shadows are nearly invisible. Used for modeling people or products. Fluorescent- banks of fluorescent tubes, does not get nearly as hot as other floodlights.

5. Ellipsoidal- special spotlight used for special effects. Near the lens there is a slot for a variety of thin, metal sheets with patterned holes.

6. Homework Read pg 137- End of packet. Quiz tomorrow on principles of lighting!

7. Fall-Off The speed (degree) with which a light picture portion turns to shadow.

8. Triangle Lighting Key lights- reveal the basic shape. Placed above, and to the right or left of the object. Fill lights- Placed opposite of the key light, aimed towards the shadows. Back lights- separates objects from the background. The light falls on the back of the subject’s head. Placed opposite the camera, directly in back of, and above, object. Many times the back light burns at the same intensity as the key light.

10. High-key: abundance of bright, diffused light, with slow fall-off. Low-key: much more dramatic, few spotlights, fast fall-off, prominent shadows.

11. Windows: light entering from outside is usually brighter than indoor lighter, and has a much higher color temperature. Diffusing materials are usually used to soften or eliminate outside light. Remember: outdoor lighting is about 5,600 Kelvin color temperature and indoor lighting is about 3,200 Kelvin. The camera will have trouble white balancing. Outdoors: The bright sun can act as a high-intensity spotlight. The contrast between light and shadow is extremely high. An overcast or foggy day is ideal for outdoor shooting because the clouds and fog act as filters to diffuse the sun.

12. Reflectors: sheet of foam core, white cards, aluminum foil taped to a stiff surface. The loser you hold the reflector to the object, the more intense the fill light will be. Sometimes the wall can act as a reflector…but be careful because the lights do put out heat! When working in the field, you can use a key, a back and a reflector for triangle lighting.

13. Light meters are used to measure the quantity of light. Incident: measures light falling on a subject and is determined by the strength of the light source. Reflected: measures light reflecting off a subject.