1. ASTER Operation Scenario and Status Y. Yamaguchi (Nagoya Univ., Japan) M. Fujita, T. Tachikawa, M. Kato, H. Tsu （ ERSDAC, Japan), M.J. Abrams, L. Maldonado (JPL, U.S.A.) IGARSS 2011, July 28, 2011 Vancouver, Canada

2. 1. 1.ASTER Characteristics 2. 2.SWIR Cryocooler Problem 3. 3.Operation Scenario and Status (1) Global Mapping (GM) (2) TIR Nighttime Global Mapping (TGM) (3) Gap Filler (4) Underserved Area STAR Contents

3. Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra (EOS AM-1) spacecraft ASTER instrument was provided by METI, Japan. Launched in December, 1999 MODIS ASTER (TIR) ASTER (SWIR) ASTER (VNIR) MISR MOPITT CERES Instruments on Terra ASTER Characteristics (1)

4. ASTER Characteristics (2) High Spatial Resolution 15m for VNIR bands 30m for SWIR bands 90m for TIR bands Wide Spectral Coverage 3 bands in VNIR (0.52 – 0.86 μm) 6 bands in SWIR (1.6 – 2.43 μm) 5 bands in TIR (8.125 – 11.65 μm) Along-Track Stereo Capability B/H 0.6 DEM Elevation accuracy: 15m (3σ) DEM Geolocation accuracy: 50m (3σ)  ASTER Global DEM (GDEM) Nadir Backward

5. Multiband Observation of Mt.Etna 6km ASTER VNIR RGB : 3,2,1 ASTER SWIR RGB : 9,5,4 ASTER TIR Band 13 Snow (high albedo) Fumarole Lava (high temp.) Snow (low temp.) Lava (low albedo) Snow (low albedo) Imaged on May 7, 2000

6. SWIR Cooler Problem

7. SWIR Temperature (2004-2008) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 K 317K The SWIR detector temperature had been kept at 77 K by the cryocooler. The detector temperature started rising in 2004 due to the cryocooler malfunction, and exceeded 90 K in May 2008. Partial saturation in SWIR image data occurred in 2007, and no usable SWIR data has been acquired since May 2009.

8. Totally saturated SWIR image (band 4 and 5) acquired at 94 K Partially saturated SWIR image (band 9) acquired at 86.9 K SWIR Image Saturation

9. Observation Mode Subsystem Data Rate (Mbps) VNIRSWIRTIR Daytime Full Mode89.2 VNIR Mode -- 62.0 TIR Mode -- 4.1 Nighttime S + T Mode -- 27.2 ASTER Observation Modes OperationalUnavailable

10. Operation Scenario and Status

11. Total ASTER Scenes : 2,014,401 As of June 1, 2011 ■Observed □Never Observed

12. ASTER Daytime VNIR Scenes

13. ASTER TIR Nighttime Scenes

14. Data Acquisition Requests Data Acquisition Request (DAR) Local Observations by Individual Users Science Team Acquisition Request (STAR) Regional Monitoring (vegetation, volcanoes, glaciers, cities) Global Mapping (GM) TIR Nighttime Global Mapping (TGM) Gap Filler Underserved Area STAR

15. Operation Scenario and Status (1) Global Mapping (GM) Daytime Full Mode Observation High Sun Angle Optimum Gain for Local Land Surface No More Than 20 % Cloud Cover Minimum Snow and Ice Cover

16. Global Mapping (GM-3) □GM3H : Area 67,688,813 km 2 □GM3M : Area 64,472,470 km 2 □GM3L : Area 47,787,553 km 2 Life Time: 2006/03/27-2010/04/01 Observation Condition Cloud < 20 %, Day, Full Mode, Sun Angle: 40-90°

17. Global Mapping LifetimeTarget Areas Observation Parameters GM-1 Dec. 2000 to Mar. 2006 All land + coastal areas (High, medium, low priority areas) Depend on the priority, surface type, season, latitude, etc. GM-2 Aug. 2003 to Mar. 2006 Selected areas (GM-1 high priority areas only) Similar to GM-1, but relaxed the sun elevation condition GM-3 Mar. 2006 to Oct. 2009 All land + coastal areas (High, medium, low priority areas, GM-1 high priority areas extended) Same as GM-2 GM-4 Oct. 2009 to Apr. 2015 Same as GM-3Same as GM-2

18. GM Daily Observation Scenes As of Nov. 24 th,2010 63,253 10,730 54,868 13,067 93,063 GM1 2000-10-05 to 2006-03-29 GM2 2003-08-30 to 2006-03-29 GM3 2006-3-30 to 2009-09-30 84,830 76,230 GM4 2009-10-1 to 2015-4-1

19. Operation Scenario and Status (2) TIR Nighttime Global Mapping (TGM)

20. TIR Nighttime Global Mapping (TGM) □AOI of TGM1, Life Time: 2004/12/01 – 2006/08/31 □AOI of TGM2-1, Life Time: 2006/04/01 – 2010/04/01 □AOI of TGM2-2, Life Time: 2007/04/01 – 2010/03/31 □AOI of TGM2-3, Life Time: 2008/01/10 – 2009/04/01 □AOI of TGM2-4, Life Time: 2008/04/11 – 2009/04/01 Observation Condition AvoidCloud : NO, Night, TIR only Mode

21. ■ TGM3 70.3 % ■ TGM4 17.3 % Achievement ■ < 20 % ■ 50 to 80 % ■ < 20 % ■ 50 to 80 % ■ 20 to 50 % ■ > 80 % ■ 20 to 50 % ■ > 80 % TIR Nighttime Global Mapping (TGM-3, 4)

22. Operation Scenario and Status (3) Gap Filler For the areas where cloud-free ASTER imagery has never been acquired. We identify the target areas and submit STAR every half a year.

23. Observed Scenes of Gap Filler 2011 23 Observation Condition Avoid Cloud : 10 %, Day, Full Mode, Sun Angle:20-90 ° ■ 8 scenes with Cloud Coverage < 10 % ■ 140 observed Scenes ■ AOI of Under-served Area STAR Life Time: 2011/05/01 – 2011/12/01 As of June 1 st,2011

24. Operation Scenario and Status (4) Underserved Area STAR For the areas where 3 times or less cloud-free ASTER imagery has been acquired. The target areas were identified in the GDEM processing.

25. Underserved Area STAR Observation Condition Cloud < 20 %, Day, Full Mode, Sun Angle : 40-90°or 20-90° □ Underserved Area : 21,609,180 km 2 UA2008 : UA2008 : Life Time:2008/12/27-2010/03/11 UA2010 : UA2010 : Life Time:2010/03/03-2015/01/01

26. Achievement of Underserved Area STAR 2010 Achievement ■ < 20 % ■ 50 to 80 % ■ < 20 % ■ 50 to 80 % ■ 20 to 50 % ■ > 80 % ■ 20 to 50 % ■ > 80 % Observation Condition Cloud < 20 %, Day, Full Mode, Sun Angle : 40-90°or 20-90° 75.6% as of June 1 st,2011

27. Acquired Scenes of Different Data Acquisition Categories

28. Concluding Remarks The ASTER instrument has been acquiring data since January 2000, and has obtained more than 2 million scenes. ASTER operation scenario is carefully designed to maximize data acquisition. The ASTER SWIR subsystem is not functioning now due to the SWIR cryocooler malfunction.

29. To get ASTER Data http://www. ersdac.or.jp/ https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/ ASTER Homepage http://www.ersdac.or.jp/ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ Thank you for your attention.