1. Religious Morality The interpretation of sacred writings guided by faith, tradition and/or reason.

2. MORALITY IN THE MODERN WORLD Area 1: The Relationship between Religion and Moral Values Introduction (pp. 1-7) Introduction (pp. 1-7) The Euthyphro Dilemma ‘Are actions ‘good’ simply because the gods command them or do the gods command certain actions because they are ‘good’?’ The Euthyphro Dilemma ‘Are actions ‘good’ simply because the gods command them or do the gods command certain actions because they are ‘good’?’ Religious Morality (pp. 8-21) Religious Morality (pp. 8-21) Moral values are grounded in religious belief Moral values are grounded in religious belief The interpretation of sacred writings guided by faith, tradition and/or reason The interpretation of sacred writings guided by faith, tradition and/or reason Utilitarian Ethics (pp. 29-33) Utilitarian Ethics (pp. 29-33) Act and Rule utilitarianism Act and Rule utilitarianism Principle of the greatest good Principle of the greatest good Kantian Ethics (pp. 34-37) Kantian Ethics (pp. 34-37) Categorical imperative Categorical imperative Universal maxim Universal maxim Respect of persons Respect of persons

3. End of Aim to pick out the key points yourself… Aim to pick out the key points yourself… Your heading can be: Your heading can be: Introduction Introduction Inerrancy Inerrancy Christian Scripture Christian Scripture Buddhist Scripture Buddhist Scripture Viewpoints Independent of Religious Belief Viewpoints Independent of Religious Belief

4. Introduction There are many scriptures that religious people believe come from God(s). There are many scriptures that religious people believe come from God(s). These scriptures also tell followers what is right and what is wrong. These scriptures also tell followers what is right and what is wrong. Many religious people disagree with each other because they feel that their scripture is divine. Many religious people disagree with each other because they feel that their scripture is divine. As well as this there are many different interpretations of these scriptures within a religion. As well as this there are many different interpretations of these scriptures within a religion.

5. Inerrancy This means to what extent the scriptures could be said to be TRUE (or inerrant). This means to what extent the scriptures could be said to be TRUE (or inerrant). Traditionalists/Literalists: the scripture is completely true with no errors. Traditionalists/Literalists: the scripture is completely true with no errors. Conservatives: the scripture is mostly true but there are some factual errors. Conservatives: the scripture is mostly true but there are some factual errors. Liberalists: the scriptures are not to be seen as fact books. The lessons and meaning of the stories are the important thing. Liberalists: the scriptures are not to be seen as fact books. The lessons and meaning of the stories are the important thing.

6. Christian Scripture Some Christians believe that the scriptures (OT & NT) were sent directly from God to those who wrote them down. Some Christians believe that the scriptures (OT & NT) were sent directly from God to those who wrote them down. Other Christians think that they should be seen as a general guide to how to live and that some parts of the Bible are more important than others. Other Christians think that they should be seen as a general guide to how to live and that some parts of the Bible are more important than others.

7. Christian Scripture 2 Some Christians worry about how scriptures are used: should you take it all as a whole or pick bits out? Some Christians worry about how scriptures are used: should you take it all as a whole or pick bits out? Other Christians say that the Bible can be interpreted in many ways and they are meant to be understood in the context of the time, place and situation in which they were written. Other Christians say that the Bible can be interpreted in many ways and they are meant to be understood in the context of the time, place and situation in which they were written.

8. Christian Scripture 3 Christian Scripture were written a long time ago (Bronze Age) when many issues could not have even been imagined. Christian Scripture were written a long time ago (Bronze Age) when many issues could not have even been imagined. This means Christians try to match up teachings to fit with modern dilemmas. This means Christians try to match up teachings to fit with modern dilemmas. This will still leave you having to work a few things out for yourself. This will still leave you having to work a few things out for yourself.

9. Christian Scripture 4 The Guide / Unchangeable Set of Laws debate. The Guide / Unchangeable Set of Laws debate. Jesus stuck to the laws of the Hebrew bible (OT), but also ‘bend’ the laws when he felt it made sense to do so. Jesus stuck to the laws of the Hebrew bible (OT), but also ‘bend’ the laws when he felt it made sense to do so. Also, what’s in Christian scriptures and what is not isn’t agreed on by all Christians. Also, what’s in Christian scriptures and what is not isn’t agreed on by all Christians.

10. Christian Scripture 5 To resolve this many Christians use scripture but also compare it with their reason and check with their religious leaders or other Christians. To resolve this many Christians use scripture but also compare it with their reason and check with their religious leaders or other Christians.

11. Buddhist Scripture There are many Buddhist scriptures, so there are some of the same problems here too. There are many Buddhist scriptures, so there are some of the same problems here too. Some scriptures contain sayings of the Buddha; memories of his followers; stories about what he did when he was alive (or in previous rebirths); and writings of Buddhist teachers or leaders. Some scriptures contain sayings of the Buddha; memories of his followers; stories about what he did when he was alive (or in previous rebirths); and writings of Buddhist teachers or leaders.

12. Buddhist Scripture 2 When trying to interpret the scriptures Buddhists have the same problems as Christians: what did they originally mean and how can you link them to modern scenarios? When trying to interpret the scriptures Buddhists have the same problems as Christians: what did they originally mean and how can you link them to modern scenarios? Buddhists also disagree about what counts as sacred scripture. Buddhists also disagree about what counts as sacred scripture.

13. Buddhist Scripture 3 For Buddhists there is an added problem: the scriptures are only to be seen as a guide. For Buddhists there is an added problem: the scriptures are only to be seen as a guide. A key factor in Buddhism is working things out for yourself by putting its teachings into practice. A key factor in Buddhism is working things out for yourself by putting its teachings into practice.

14. Buddhist Scripture 4 There are some Buddhists who don’t read any scripture: for them being a Buddhist is all about learning what’s right and wrong for yourself, maybe with the help of a teacher or through meditation and reflection. There are some Buddhists who don’t read any scripture: for them being a Buddhist is all about learning what’s right and wrong for yourself, maybe with the help of a teacher or through meditation and reflection.

15. Viewpoints Independent of Religious Belief No sacred scriptures! No god(s)! No sacred scriptures! No god(s)! There are written texts which act as a starting point to help people make decisions about right and wrong. There are written texts which act as a starting point to help people make decisions about right and wrong. For example, Utilitarians refer to the works of Bentham and Mill. For example, Utilitarians refer to the works of Bentham and Mill.

16. Viewpoints Independent of Religious Belief 2 Documents like the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights can give people a start in moral decision-making. Documents like the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights can give people a start in moral decision-making. Remember though: there’s no need to follow anything that’s written and no writing can ever take the place of personal choice about morality. Remember though: there’s no need to follow anything that’s written and no writing can ever take the place of personal choice about morality.

17. Viewpoints Independent of Religious Belief 3 Non-religious might use written sources to help them make moral decisions, its just that these sources are in no way seen as sacred (this is not to say they are thought of less importantly). Non-religious might use written sources to help them make moral decisions, its just that these sources are in no way seen as sacred (this is not to say they are thought of less importantly).

18. Viewpoints Independent of Religious Belief 4 …the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom. …the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom. UN Declaration of Human Rights

19. How do you do? Peer assessment- Notes swap. Peer assessment- Notes swap. Work together. Work together. Fill in any gaps. Fill in any gaps. Take a note of questions for me to answer. Take a note of questions for me to answer.

20. MORALITY IN THE MODERN WORLD Area 1: The Relationship between Religion and Moral Values Introduction (pp. 1-7) Introduction (pp. 1-7) The Euthyphro Dilemma ‘Are actions ‘good’ simply because the gods command them or do the gods command certain actions because they are ‘good’?’ The Euthyphro Dilemma ‘Are actions ‘good’ simply because the gods command them or do the gods command certain actions because they are ‘good’?’ Religious Morality (pp. 8-21) Religious Morality (pp. 8-21) Moral values are grounded in religious belief Moral values are grounded in religious belief The interpretation of sacred writings guided by faith, tradition and/or reason The interpretation of sacred writings guided by faith, tradition and/or reason Utilitarian Ethics (pp. 29-33) Utilitarian Ethics (pp. 29-33) Act and Rule utilitarianism Act and Rule utilitarianism Principle of the greatest good Principle of the greatest good Kantian Ethics (pp. 34-37) Kantian Ethics (pp. 34-37) Categorical imperative Categorical imperative Universal maxim Universal maxim Respect of persons Respect of persons

21. The challenge of moral autonomy: what do you think? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_HRU _7XBS0&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_HRU _7XBS0&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_HRU _7XBS0&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_HRU _7XBS0&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWt8a 1aMkZ4&feature=PlayList&p=3A0F4087B3 F34E14&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&i ndex=16 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWt8a 1aMkZ4&feature=PlayList&p=3A0F4087B3 F34E14&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&i ndex=16 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWt8a 1aMkZ4&feature=PlayList&p=3A0F4087B3 F34E14&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&i ndex=16 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWt8a 1aMkZ4&feature=PlayList&p=3A0F4087B3 F34E14&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&i ndex=16