1. NEMATODOSIS

2. NEMATODOSIS at ABOMASUM RUMINANTS in INDONESIA
Cause :
▹ Haemonchus sp.
▹ Mecistocirrus digitatus ⇨ >>> in
Indonesia
▹ Trichostrongylus sp.
▹ Ostertagia sp. ⇨ sub tropical
country

3. HAEMONCHIASIS CAUSE : Haemonchus sp. SENSITIVE ANIMAL :
H. contortus & H. similis : sheep, goat,cattle
and other ruminants, escpecially young
ages
H. placei : escpecially cattle & other ruminants and young ages
PREDILECTION OF THE PARASITE: Abomasum, occasionally small intestine

4. ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION :
ingest of infective larvae (3 rdstg.) by grass (per oral)
PATOGENICITY :
Depend on several factors:
∙ Sufferer ages
∙ Size and body weight
∙ Duration of infection
∙ Nutrition status
∙ Haematology status

5. PATOGENESIS&CLINICAL SYMPTOM :
- 4 th stg larvae parasite characteristic ⇨ Blood sucking
- Mature worm destroy the mucosae when absorb the blood (0,049 ml/ekr/hr) ⇨ anemia ⇨ decrease Hb ⇨ hypoproteinemia ⇨ increasing the permeability of the wal blood sirculation ⇨ leakage blood watery ⇨ oedema ⇨ Bottle jaw
- Mature worm secret anticoagulant at the mucosae of injury ⇨ iritated the mucosae
- Decrease the capability: digesty, protein absorbtion– calium and phosphor
- SELF CURE REACTION ⇨ Rx. body defense ⇨ become at the day 10 –14 post infection

6. ACUTE SYMPTOM :
Heavy infection at young sheep/goat ⇨ anaemia ⇨ death
CHRONICS SYMPTOM:
۵ Anaemia
۵ Oedema : Bottle jaw / watery poke
ventral abdomen
۵ Diarrhea/constipation occasionally
۵ Variation of a desire to eat
۵ Weakness & thinness

7. POST MORTEM CHANGES: - Mucosa membrane, skin & pale of visceral organ
- Watery blood/hydraemis
- Hydrothorax, hydropericard and ascites
- Hepar light brown, fragile & fattening
- The contents of abomasum were red brown, worm >>
Absces of mucosa, spot & ulcera & certain worms
sticking at the ulcera

8. by SEM 400 x DIAGNOSE : - Clinical symptom:chronic of bottle jaw
- Fecal examination
by SEM x

9. ~ Put the animals into a stall ~ Make a rotation for the meadow
ELIMINATION :
~ Put the animals into a stall
~ Make a rotation for the meadow
~ Giving wormolas (phenothiazine 2,5
% inside molases)
Periodic treatment by:
* Phenothiazine single dose:
5- 40 gram/tail sheep/goat, p.o
40 – 80 gram/tail cattle, p.o
* Levamisol HCl : 7,5 mg/kg BW/p.o
2 ml/50 kg BW/i.m
* Parbendazole : 30 mg/kg BW Cattle
20 – 30 mg/kg BW sheep/goat ( ! : not for pregnant
animals)
* Doramectin/Avermectin :
1 ml/50 kg BW/im/sc

10. MECISTOCIRRUSIS CAUSE : Mecistocirrus digitatus
PREDILECTION & SENSITIVE ANIMALS: Cattle abomasum, buffalo, rare at small ruminants
DISTRIBUTION: especially in tropical area
ROUTE OF INFECTION: Similar with Haemonchosis

11. PATOGENESYS & CLINICAL SYMPTOM :
Larva 4 th stage characterized parasitic, this stage quite long time
Adult worm hematophagous anaemia hypoproteinemia,oedema, bottle jaw
Decrease of BW, PCV at day 70 – 80 post infection

12. DIAGNOSE :
~ Clinical symptom
~ Fecal examination
ELIMINATION:
- Similar with Haemonchosis
- Preferable cattle not to be tend similar
with small ruminans

13. NEMATODOSIS AT THE SMALL INTESTINE OF GOAT & SHEEP, OTHER RUMINANTS
CAUSE:
~ Strongyloides papillosus
~ Bunostomum sp.
~ Gaigeria pachyscelis
~ Trichostrongylus sp.
~ Cooperia sp.
~ Nemaodirus sp
PREDILECTION & SENSITIVE ANIMALS :
Small intestine of goat and other ruminants

14. ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION :
Trichostrongylus sp., Cooperia sp., Nematodirus
Ingest of infective larvae (L3) with ransum or
water
Bunostomum sp., Strongyloides sp. :
Ingest of infective larvae (L3) with ransum or water (per oral), and skin penetration (per cutan)
Gaigeria pachyscelis : L3 penetrated the skin (p.c)

15. PATHOGENESIS
Larvae penetrated
In the mucosa of SI
Iritat, inflammd wall of SI, lesi, ulcera &bleedng, diarrheae
Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus
Not hematophagous
Cooperia, G. pachyscelis, Bunostomum, Strongyloides
Hematophagous
G. pachyscelis & Bunostomum, if heavy infekct.
ANAEMIA
Bottle jaw
Hipoproteinemia
► G. pachyscelis, Bunostomum &
Strongyloides
Skin penetrated
Local reaction: inflammed, papula & skin rashl

16. CLINICAL SYMPTOM :
* More clear at young animals: weakness, thin, anorexia
, anaemia, gloomy of body hair, diarrhea, inhibited of
the growth.
* Heavy infection G. pachyscelis & Bunostomum :
bottle jaw
* Trichostrongylus at young animals & acute : didn’t
want sucking, weakness & black scours worm
* Cooperia and Nematodirus similar with
Trichostrongylus
* Strongyloides : diarrhea, anaemia, BW & anorexia

17. Clin sympt Fecal examine
DIAGNOSIS :
Clin sympt Fecal examine
ELIMINATION :
Prevention :
► to press down the worm population by doing :
- put animal in to a stable (intensive)
- make a rotation for the meadow
- high quality for the ransum
- put the ransum in a properly condition
- sanitation for the stable
- periodically treatment

18. ~ Methyridin : 180 mg/kg BW s.c ~ Pyrantel tartrat : 25 mg/kg BW p.o
Treatment :
~ Methyridin : 180 mg/kg BW s.c
~ Pyrantel tartrat : 25 mg/kg BW p.o
~ Thiabendazol : 50 mg/kg BW
~ Oxfendazol : 5 mg/kg BW
~ Mebendazol : 15 mg/kg BW
~ Bephenium carbonat : 250 mg/kg BW
~ Phenothiazin : 20 – 30 gram/ekor sheep
~ Neguvon : 110 mg/kg BW
~ Avermectin : 1 ml/50 kg BW

19. NEMATODOSIS AT PIGS PULMO (METASTRONGYLOSIS)
CAUSE:
Metastrongylus apri ⇨ seldom
M. pudendotectus
M. salmi
PREDILECTION & SENSITIVE ANIMALS:
Pulmo (trachea, bronchus & bronchioli) pig,wild pig, goat, deer and other ruminans.

20. INTER MEDIATE HOST: Blood worm
Octalaseum lacteum
Allolobophora calignosa
Lumbricus rubellus
Eisenia foetida
ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION: Ingest the earth worm which consist of larvae 3rd stage
[could also by chance pig ingest the 3rd stage of larvae]
Infective larva be able to still alive inside the body of the earth worm:
1,5 yr inside the body of Octalaseum lacteum
2,5 yr inside the body of Allolobophora calignosa
3 yr inside the body of Lumbricus rubellus
> 4,5 yr inside the body of Eisenia foetida

21. CLINICAL SYMPTOM :
- Cough & braething hard
- Inhibited of the growth
- Weakness & pale of the mucosae
►Mild infection: bronchitis & pneumonia
►Heavy infection: be able death
POST MORTEM CHANGES:
Macroscopics :
Red pale spot at pulmo pars inferior & occasionally pars superior
Decrease of the changes at the day 21 post infection
Mild emphysema
The area have a red color at the anterior part or at the lowest part of the lobus of diaphragma

22. Microscopics :
Young worms at the bronchioly at the day 10 -
20 post infection
Eosinophylia infiltration at the mucosa of
bronchi, peribronchi
Early of hyperplasia at 2-3 weeks post infection
Adult worms inside the bronchi, with eosinophyl
at the surrounding area
DIAGNOSE :
CS/ be able confusing with Ascariasis & pig flu
Fecal examination ⇨eggs (consist of larvae)

23. ELIMINATION :
Good condition of the system of the stall  Earth worm cannot growth
Treatment for animals patients by :
Tetramisol : 15 mg/kg BW/s.c or mixed with
ransum
▫ Levamisol HCl : 7,5 mg/kg BW/s.c
▫ Diethylcarbamacin : 22 mg/kg BW/s.c, 3 days
▫ Oxfendazol : 3mg/ kg BW for 7 days
▫ Doramectin/Avermectin : 1ml/50 kg
BW/i.m/s.c

24. NEMATODOSIS AT COLON & RUMINANTS CAECUM
CAUSE :
◊ Trichuris sp.
◊ Oesophagustomum sp.
◊ Chabertia sp.

25. Trichuriasis HABITAT & SENSITIVE ANIMALS : ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION :
CAECUM of goat, sheep,cattle, dog , cat, pig,camel.
ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION :
Ingest the infektive eggs (stg. II) with ransum or water
PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL SYMPTOM & P.A :
 Sheep, pig, cattle  natural infection  CS/ rare
 Adult worms cause of acute inflammed or chronics (sesitys)
 PA/ : sesitys, necrosys haemorrhagia, oedema of mucosae &
adult worms >>.

26. O. columbianum: Sheep,Goat,Deer O.venulosum: Sheep, Goat, Camel
 Acute infection ( worms) : diarrhea, haemorrhagia, anaemia, if 6000 – : decrease of BW, weakness, inhibited of the growth ⇨ death
OESOPHAGUSTOMIASIS
CAUSE : Oesophagustomum sp. (=Nodular worm)
PREDILECTION & SENSITIVE ANIMALS: Colon & Caecum, sensitive animals :
O. columbianum: Sheep,Goat,Deer
O.venulosum: Sheep, Goat, Camel
O. radiatum: Cattle
O. dentatum: Pig

27. ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION :
Ingest of infected larvae (L3).
PATHOGENESIS, C.S& P.A :
- Pathogen : O. venulosum & O. columbianum
- Occurs attacks by ages : 4 – 24 months
- Young sheep & adult sheep which attacks with larvae migrated ⇨ didn’t have
reaction of the body
- Sensitive animals: larvae come in to the sub mucosae of lamina propria intestine
Rx.local inflammed surrounding. Larvae, collecting the cell of EO, Lymphocyte,
MO & Giant   NODULES :
Central nodules : Caseosa & calcification
Outside`nodules : Capsules dan fibroblast
Larvae can survive up to 3 months  died

28. Chabertiasis Cause: Chabertia sp PREDILECTION &SENSITIVE ANIMALS:
COLON (sheep, cattle, goat)
* ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION: ingest eggs which coming out with faeces, hatch 24 hrs latter and growth to be infected larvae

29. GK/ : - Nodule >>> → rupture → peritonitis.
- Diarrehea with mucus & black green colors (6 days p.i &
similar with larvae that leave from the nodule).
- Chronics : watery diarrhea  dehydration,dry skin,
hunchbacked pars posterior of the body, stiff and dirty.
- Constipation because of the amount of worms >>> food
appetite ↓↓ cachexia, BW ↓↓ & extended with died
PA/ : - Emaciation & body fat <<<
- Be found nodules >> at small intestine, colon & caecum,and
worms at cacing di colon & caecum
- Reddish of mucosae
- Nodules green colors – yellow, cause of something like as a
cheese

30. NEMATODOSIS
ASCARIASIS

31. ASCARIASIS AT PIGS Cause : Ascaris suum
Predilections and host: small intestine of pigs (main host), cattle, goat, sheep, dog and human
Route of transmission:
1. Per oral (by ingest infective eggs)
2. Prenatal (through placenta⇨ v. umbilicalis
foetus)
3. Nipples which contaminated by infective eggs

32. Pathogenesis and PA/ :
- Larvae : larvae migrations ⇨ tissues organ
damaged
- At hepar:
Acute :
1. bleeding surround v. intralobularis ⇨ eosinophyl
infiltration
⇨ absorbtion and regeneration
2. Sticky of the hepar cells: the lobus sticky each
others with increase of fibroblast
Chronics :
1. Hepatitis interstitial focal chronics
2. if recovered ⇨ fibrocys (white spots) ⇨ milk spot
liver

33. 1. Laesi of the tissues cause of toxin
at the pulmo:
1. Laesi of the tissues cause of toxin
2. Mild bleeding at alveoli and bronchioli ⇨
destroyed of alveoli epithels, oedema, and eosinophyl infiltration
surround the pulmo
3. Heavy infections ⇨ bronchioly obstruction
- Adult worms: at the small intestine:
1. Adult worms ingest the content of intestines and destroy the
mucosa of intestine
2. Heavy infection ⇨ obstruction of intestinal duct ⇨ annoying
peristaltics of intestine & intestine perforations ⇨ peritonitis
3. Migration to the gastrium ⇨ vomite
4. Migration to the gall ducts ⇨ icterus

34. Clinical symptom:
- Heavy infection at young pig:
1.pneumonia ⇨ coughing + exudate
2. sudden die
Others general symptom:
1. Drooping of tail and ears
2. Decrease of food appetite
3. Difficulties in obtaining oxygen
4. Repeatedly rub the body on to the stable wall
5. Thiness
6. Diarrhea
7. Very weak animals ⇨ die
- Mild infections ⇨ cough and inhibited of the bodies growth

35. - Heavy infections at the young pigs after has
been weaned:
1.Heavy pneumonia ⇨ cough + exudate
2. Adult worms could be cause of die
3. Occasionally stiffness ⇨ paralysis
4. Obstruction of the gall ducts ⇨ GIT disturbances
5. Seldom accompany with secondary infections : pneumonia
lobair an pig influenza
- Heavy infections st the young pigs:
1. Short winded
2. Die cause of hepar functions disturbance
3. Adult worms migration to the gastrium ⇨ vomite, thiness, puff out and oedema
4. Icterus and anaemia

36. Diagnose :
1. Clinical symptom
2. Fecal examinations
3. Post mortem operating
Disease elimination:
1. Take care of the healthy stabble especially suckled pigs mother
2. To take a bath for pigs mother before partus
3. To give anthelmintic for animals patients, especially before
mating and at the middle of pregnant periods
4. Improvement the management of animal husbandry
5. Treatment of animal patients by:
Piperazin : 120 mg/kg BW po ⇨ drug of choice
Phenotiazin : 400 mg/kg BW po
Thiabendazole : 0.1 – 0,4 % amount of feed animal
Avermectin : 1 ml/50 kg BW, im, sc

37. ASCARIASIS AT CATTLE FAMILIES
CAUSE : Toxocara vitulorum
ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION :
~ Through milk by early 3 wks lactation
→ milk born transmission
~ Per oral (ingest infective eggs)
~ prenatal infection
PATHOGENESIS :
Nyata terlihat at young cattle post natal infection & which born from infected mothers (prenatal infection)

38. CLINICAL SYMPTOM :
 Diarrhea, thiness
 The respiration smelt butiric acid, anorexia
 Weakness & bisa tjd anemia
DIAGNOSE :
 Fecal examination from the young cattle
(3-6 mths)
 Milk examination from the mothers induk
menyusui (early 3 wks)
 Operated post mortem at the young cattle

39. Infected by T.vitulorum larvae at status dorman
ELIMINATION :
1. Pregnant cattle could be free from from worms, Tx/ anthelmintic before kawin → mid pregnant → post partus
2. Young cattle ages by 2 wks, which infected → treated
Treatment and prevention :
Piperazin (drug of choice) : 220 mg/kg BW/po
Fenbendazole (Panacur) : 7.5 mg/kg BW
Infected by T.vitulorum larvae at status dorman
Mechanisms :
In activated parasite endocrine system → inhibited release the product suspension of hatching eggs at ecdysis periods
Blocking transcription material DNA gen template for perkembangan berikutnya

40. STATUS DORMAN → inhibited at 8–14 hr prepartus↓
Penetration aktivation of fibrose tissue by larvae enzym for softening melunakkan tissue → L3
ENZYME PHENOMENA
Because of prolactine hormon activity → they need Ca >> → immunosuppresive
Prostaglandine hormone → immunosupp resive against immune respons → by infec tions mothers become sensitive

41. Vet.publ.health aspect  zoonosis

42. ASCARIASIS AT DOG CAUSE: Toxocara canis
PREDILECTION OF ADULT WORM : Small Intestine
CARA PENULARAN :
- Per oral infection (ingests the infective eggs )
- Prenatal infection (through placenta)
- Trans mammary infection = Lactogenic infection
- Paratenic host → infective eggs ingests by i.h
paratenic (rat, mouse) → L3 inside the muscle →
ingests by host → L3 occur to be adult worm within 3
weeks without migration again

44. PATHOGENICITY & CLINICAL SYMPTOM :
Puppies more sensitive & suffers than adult worm:
Clinical symptom :
 Diarrhea, vomite
 Vomites materials → go into the pulmo →
asphixia
 Puppies : inhibited of the growth,distended,
vomite & diarrhea moreover constipation, death : 2-3
wks
DIAGNOSE :
Clinical symptom → fecal examination → eggs
albumin sheet

45. - Avoid mother & child from the sources of disease
albumin sheet
DISEASE ELIMINATION :
- Avoid mother & child from the sources of disease
- Given a good quality of feed
- Throw away the faces to the special area, if necessary can be burn
- Sanitation the stable
- Treatment with Piperazin for the child by ages 2,3,4 &
8 wks & treated the mother by 3 or 4 mg post partum

46. - to the dogs which don’t know the histosry (baru
beli) :
3 – 6 mths: treated 2 x , repeated 1 wks
> 6 mths: treated 1 x
Anthelmintics :
Piperazine adipate : 100 mg/kg BW/po
Mebendazole 10 mg/kg BW/2 dd/ for 2 days

47. ASCARIASIS AT HORSES FAMILIES
CAUSE :
Parascaris equorum = Ascaris megalocephala
PREDILECTION & HOST:
Small intestine of horse, zebra & cattle
TRANSMISSION :
Ingest by infektive eggs
PATHOGENESIS,CLINICal SYMPTOM & PA/ :
 Espec. at young horses by ages less than 6 mths

48. putrisid smelt diarrhea & pale faecal.
 Heavy infection → catarrhalis enteritis → CS/ :
putrisid smelt diarrhea & pale faecal.
 Others CS/: Weakness, thiness → BW drops.
heavy infection: heavy colic, tachycardia, freq. resp.,
high febris & died after bbrp. hr. post infection
 Aktive worms → migration to the gall duct →
obstruction
PA/: ruptur ileum & peritoneum consist of intetine
suspension & worm
DIAGNOSE :
Selain clinical symptom, feces examination → eggs

49. albumin sheet ELIMINATION :
- To maintain and keep the stable clean & treat
the young horses by ages 1 mth & seterusnya
every 4 – 6 mths by piperazine 100 mg/kg BW
- Pakan diletakkan palungan
- Tempat pembuangan tinja → fermentasi → utk.
pupuk → telur mati

50. THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODA
By Geographics : continous occur at the warm and mild climate areas
Oesophagustomum sp. & Trichuris sp. Well growing at the temperature °C, wet environment, highly rainfal
Chabertia sp.: cold environment
DIAGNOSE
- Clinical symptom → fecal examination
- Post mortem examinations

51. ELIMINATION OF THE DISEASES
 Avoid the feed & water from poisined of L3
 Give a high quality ransum
 Avoid from the crowded population
 Separate the young animals from the adults
 Stable sanitation
 Make a rotation for the meadow by interval 30 – 90 dys
 Considerations to using the anthelmintics :
~ Toxic against all stages for all worms
~ Easy to use
~ Cheapest cost & easy to got
~ Save for the host

52.  to be continous next week 
Check up & regularly treatment by :
 Methyridine: 200 mg/kgs BW/sc
 Thiabendazole: 50 mg/kgs BW/po
 Oxyfendazole: 10 mg/kgs BW/po
 Avermectin: 1 mg/kgs BW/sc/im
 to be continous next week 