1. Who was George Washington Carver? 1864 – 1943 Written by Dallas Duncan and Dr. Frank B. Flanders Foundation Skills, Unit 10.8, FS-10 2010 A suggested unit of instruction for CTAE programs to help celebrate Black History Month

2. Why Study George Washington Carver? George Washington Carver was a great scientist and teacher. He was a master of the applied sciences. He is a great role model for Career, Technical, and Agricultural Education students who aspire to influence their areas of expertise, as Carver did in his field. It is suggested that CTAE classes use the study of George Washington Carver’s life and contributions to help celebrate Black History Month.

3. Objectives: Students will be able to… Explain the adversity George Washington Carver faced in his lifetime Discuss the early life and childhood of George Washington Carver Outline the basics of George Washington Carver’s education List products invented or improved by George Washington Carver Discuss George Washington Carver’s teaching philosophy List honors and awards George Washington Carver received during his lifetime

4. Childhood

5. Born into Slavery Born around 1864 in Diamond Grove, Missouri George Washington Carver, his brother Jim, and his mother, Mary, were slaves Owners were Moses and Susan Carver George and Mary were kidnapped and taken to Arkansas — George was returned but Mary was never seen again Above: Carver’s birthplace, now part of the George Washington Carver National Historic Site

6. Life in Diamond Grove George and Jim were raised by Susan and Moses Spent a lot of time out in the woods cultivating and “doctoring” plants George was sickly and spent time with Susan, who taught him “womanly” skills George and Jim started at a white school because there weren’t enough African American children to warrant a separate school in the town

7. The College Years Left to Right: Simpson College and an early photograph of Iowa State Agricultural College

8. Educationally Speaking… George left Missouri at an early age to start a college career 1890: George enrolled at Simpson College to study piano and art, but had to withdraw because of his race Transferred to Iowa State Agricultural College, where in 1894 he earned a Bachelor’s in Agriculture 1896: Earned a Master’s of Agriculture degree from Iowa State Agricultural College Left: The Creamery operators at Iowa State Agricultural College; Carver is in the back row

9. Self-Sufficiency There were no real scholarships when George went to college, so he had to pay his own way through school George worked doing laundry, cooking, and selling artwork to pay for college  He was such a good artist, one of his paintings won Honorable Mention at the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair Left to Right: Painting was one way George Washington Carver helped pay for his education

10. Teaching the Next Generation of Agriculturalists Left: Faculty at Tuskegee Institute, 1902. George Washington Carver is front and center.

11. Agricultural Educator by Choice 1894: Joined the faculty of Iowa State Agricultural College 1896: Recruited by Booker T. Washington to become the director of agriculture at both the Tuskegee Institute and the Tuskegee Agricultural Experiment Station  Carver turned down a $100,000 job offer from Thomas Edison to go work at Tuskegee 1906: George and his students created the Jessup Wagon, which was driven around the state to bring information and demonstrations to Alabama farmers  The Jessup Wagon inspired the USDA extension service Above: Carver teaches students using skeletons of a cow and calf; Right: The Jessup Wagon

12. The Blossoming of a Career

13. Award-Winning Scientist 1916: Elected as Fellow of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of the Arts in London 1923: Received the Springarn Medal for Distinguished Service to Science from the NAACP 1939: Received the Roosevelt Medal for Outstanding Contribution to Southern Agriculture 1941: Received the Award of Merit from the Variety Clubs of America

14. Can’t Stop Learning Carver received several degrees after he finished college, but he never stopped learning! 1928: Received an honorary Doctor of Science degree from Simpson College 1942: Received an honorary Doctor of Science degree from Selma University

15. Carver as an Innovator Carver created or improved over 400 products in his career, many of them derived from the peanut and sweet potatoes He also made house paints from natural Alabama clays, which were used in various institutions in his home state Above: Carver working in his lab to extract peanut milk

16. Some of Carver’s Innovations… AdhesivesFace ointmentMock veal cutletRubber Antiseptic soapFace powderMolassesRubbing oils Axle greaseFlavoring pasteMolasses feedSalad oil Baby massage creamFlourMucilageSandwich vinegar Bisque powderFuel briquettesNitroglycerineShampoo BleachGlueOleomargarineShaving cream Butter from peanut milkGlycerinPaintsShoe polish Caramel salted peanutsGoiter treatmentPancake flourSizing for walls Castoria substituteHand lotionPaperSoap CheeseInkPavementSoil conditioner Cheese pimentoInsecticidePeanut brittleStains Chili sauceInstant coffeePeanut butterSugar Chocolate coated peanutsInsulating boardsPeanut candy barsSweeping compound Chop suey sauceIron tonicPeanut hay mealSynthetic marble Cleanser for handsLaundry soapPeanut koumiss beverageSynthetic rubber Cooking oilLaxativesPeanut meat loafTalcum powder CosmeticsLinoleumPeanut oilTannic acid DyesMayonnaisePeanut relishTofu sauce Emulsion for bronchitisMeal substitutesPeanut wafersTutti frutti Evaporated peanut beverageMeat tenderizerPlasticsWashing powder Face bleachMedicinePomade for scalpWood filler Face creamMetal polishPomade for skinWood stain Face lotionMock chickenPostage stamp glueWorcestershire sauce

17. Carver’s Lasting Legacy Left to Right: Bust of George Washington Carver at Tuskegee University; Entrance to George Washington Carver National Monument; US Postage stamp honoring Carver

18. Contributions Outside the Lab 1921: Elected to appear and speak on behalf of the United Peanut Association at the US House Committee on Ways and Means’ meeting about the peanut tariff 1935: Appointed as collaborator of the Mycology and Plant Disease Survey for the USDA Bureau of Plant Industry 1939: Became an honorary member of the American Inventor’s Society

19. Permanent Reminders 1937: Tuskegee unveiled a bust of George Washington Carver 1938: Hollywood released a movie based on George’s life 1941: The George Washington Carver Museum was dedicated at Tuskegee 1942: Missouri’s governor placed a marker at George’s birthplace