1. Salisbury – From green space to green infrastructure
greenspace initiative workshop, 23 February 2012
Salisbury – From green space to green infrastructure
Ian Phillips MRTPI, CMLI

2. GI – history Originated in USA in 1990s to promote
value of natural environment in land use planning
making best use of land as scarce resource
Developed in UK from c. 2009
Embedded in UK government policy 2010
Emerging as EU wide strategy in 2012

3. GI – key concepts
Essential services provided by natural systems – ecosystem services
Valuing green / open space as an asset
Multi-functional use of spaces
Connecting spaces to create network
Collaborative planning, design and management

4. GI – multiple benefits Business parks Country park Allotments
Community space
Suburban housing
Sustainable drainage
Flood risk reduction
Water management
Biodiversity
Renewable energy
Recreation and leisure
Healthy living
Alternative transportation
Micro-climate control
Place-making and local character
Food production
Raw materials
Economic development
Community development and cohesion
Green spine routes
Upland areas
Urban centres

5. GI assets – beyond PPG 17 Public parks and accessible open space
Sports pitches
Allotments
Cemeteries and churchyards
Open countryside
Nature reserves
Forestry and woodland
Farmland
Streets and urban spaces
Waterways, ponds, lakes and reservoirs
Linear features (transportation corridors, hedgerows, paths, etc)
Institutional land
Domestic and other private gardens
Car parks and under-used operational land
Green roofs and walls

6. The multi-functional network
The whole is more than the sum of its parts
Making best use of land
Grey to green - soft engineering solutions
Identifying opportunities for improvement
Addressing deficiencies of provision
Engaging new and more stakeholders
The whole is more than the sum of its parts
Making best use of land - Responding to competing pressures
Grey to green - soft engineering solutions
Identifying opportunities for improvement
Addressing deficiencies of provision
Engaging new and more stakeholders

7. Salisbury – elements of a green city
Green fingers / wedges into the city
High quality riverine environments
Downland escarpment surroundings
Historic parks and open spaces mainly peripheral to compact, grid-based, mediaeval core

8. Salisbury – city of rivers
Blue space – the natural network
Managing water supply and quality
Alternative access routes
Enhancing high biodiversity value
Addressing flood risk

9. Salisbury – alternative accessibility network
Historic routes linking city to countryside and surroundings
A basis for greenway network – with rivers?

10. Salisbury – heritage site
An international destination
Support for the tourist economy
Built heritage related to the landscape setting
High quality spaces make good townscape

11. Salisbury – transport
Transportation systems create spaces, landmarks and gateways
Transportation routes offer corridors and links

12. Salisbury - suburbs Gardens contribute significant green space
Most streets deserve trees
Is mown grass good enough?

13. Salisbury development – managing change and identifying opportunities
Stanhope selected for Salisbury city centre revamp
“securing this city's future as a first class shopping and leisure destination”
“an awareness of the city's history and the 'once in a generation opportunity' this site presents”
“an outstanding opportunity to create a wonderful new riverside retail and leisure destination”
Resources
Direct provision on site
Indirect provision off site as mitigation
Community infrastructure levy
Section 106 obligations
Opportunities
New open space – green and blue
Increased capacity of existing space
Retained and new tree cover
Strategic natural and artificial corridor links
Green roofs and walls
SuDS
Renewable energy
Designed solutions
c new houses proposed in the local plan

14. gi and planning NPPF supports green infrastructure
South Wiltshire Core Strategy, 2012
Salisbury City Conservation Area Appraisal / Management Plan
Salisbury Vision – private / public partnership
Key open space / landscape documents
PPG 17 open space audit, 2006
Landscape character assessment, 2008
Settlement setting assessment, 2008
Wiltshire GI Strategy (consultation draft)
Cross-boundary co-ordination / Duty to Co-operate?
Locally valued landscapes?
S.106 contributions / Community Infrastructure Levy?
Stakeholder workshops – Spaceshaper?
NPPF supports green infrastructure
need to prepare strategy
identify, record, designate

15. Local gi initiatives from afar
Freiburg
– historic city centre, high density new residential suburbs within green matrix- children can play anywhere – numerous natural play areas - SUDS – architecture that merges with the landscape – green roofs and walls – renewable and low energy principles practiced.
Cernay
Riverine setting provides for flood control and rich biodiversity and enables access for passive recreation, nature study, education and play within a unique and high quality designed environment UK
Temporary land use for quick wins
Community leisure gardens more accessible, flexible and sociable than allotments

16. Local opportunities for Salisbury?
gi and retro fit
Resources
Other (‘non-green’) budgets e.g. transport, health, education, water, waste, businesses
Development contributions (CIL, S. 106, New Homes Bonus)
Opportunities
Street trees
Transport and waterway corridors
Green walls and roofs
Under-used open spaces
Temporary use of open space
Ground-source thermal energy
Landscape for micro-climate management

17. gi challenges The new planning system
Confusion between gi and open space
Marketing the gi concept and promoting the long term and wider value of gi
Engaging disparate communities
Visionary thinking and leadership
Collaborative and cross-boundary working
Resourcing and funding
Gi designation and protection
Current EU level funding instruments that are potentially relevant to financing GI
projects include: Life+ funding (currently one of the main financing tools for GI in
Europe), Cohesion Fund (trans-European issues such as ecosystem services,
transport and urban development), Agricultural Fund for rural development
(especially for semi-natural agricultural habitats), European Regional Development
Fund (infrastructure, investments, regional and local development including nature
protection), Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Program (eco-innovation), and 7th Research Framework Programs
LIFE call for proposals
The 2012 will be published here between the 15 February 2012 and the 15 March 
The private sector is also increasingly applying biodiversity offsetting measures on
development schemes as part of their corporate social responsibility program. These
measures have the potential to significantly enhance biodiversity conservation in
impoverished areas.
Effective delivery requires:
Vision and leadership
Sound policy base
Multi-agency inputs and multi-disciplinary support
Co-ordinated planning, design and management
Funding and resources for acquisition, design, implementation AND LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT

18. Recent gi initiatives
Lawton Review – Making Space for Nature (Sep 2010)
UK National Ecosystem Assessment (June 2011)
Defra White Paper on Natural Environment (June 2011)
NPPF Impact Assessment (July 2011)
EU GI working group – future strategy
Defra’s GI Partnership (October 2011)
Led by Professor Sir John Lawton, the review was set up to look at our wildlife sites and whether they are capable of responding and adapting to the growing challenges of climate change and other demands on our land.
The UK National Ecosystem Assessment (UK NEA) is the first analysis of the UK’s natural environment in terms of the benefits it provides to society and continuing economic prosperity. Part of the Living With Environmental Change (LWEC) initiative, the UK NEA - which  commenced in mid will be reporting in early It is an inclusive process involving many government, academic, NGO and private sector institutions.

19. Local action guidelines
Establish a vision
Identify and map existing assets
Identify and prioritise important local needs and areas of under-provision
Target potential opportunity sites and under-used land, exploit potential strategic links
Seek some easy, early wins
Produce a GI delivery strategy
Promote and support strong local plan policies
Engage broad community interests, including non-green space partners, local businesses
Allow for ongoing management resourcing
Plan and design for
value, functionality, climate change, local character and heritage, public art and crafts, sense of place and DELIGHT
Local people know their area and their needs
Sticks may be more effective than carrots