1. Marcus Garvey “Africa for the Africans” http://987kiss.com/images/blackhistorymonth/garvey.jpg Power point create by Robert L. Martinez Primary Content Source: Speaking of America: Vol. II, Laura A. Belmonte

2. Marcus Garvey led the first large-scale black nationalist movement in U.S. history. http://www.chemistrydaily.com/chemistry/Marcus_Garvey

3. Born in Jamaica, Garvey left school at the age of fourteen and worked as a printer. http://esperstamps.org/Sanford%20Byrd/worldstamps/Garvey_Marcus_Jamaica.jpg

4. He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association, a fraternal organization to promote black business and identity. http://www.nhc.rtp.nc.us/tserve/twenty/tkeyinfo/garvey.htm

5. Enraged by the racial unrest of the World War I era, Garvey embraced racial separation. http://www.factmonster.com/spot/bhmtimeline.html

6. He used his powerful oratorical skills to advocate black racial pride and economic self-sufficiency. http://www.africamaat.com/IMG/jpg?D=A

7. Drawing as many as 2 million members, he established UNLA chapters in several U.S. cities. http://www.muhlenberg.edu/depts/religion/pearson/MarcusGarveyLinks.htm

8. To finance and strengthen his movement, Garvey launched black-owned restaurants, stores, laundries, a hotel, and a toy factory that manufactured black dolls. Black newspaper began by Marcus Garvey http://www.angelfire.com/electronic/negroworld/mission.html

9. In 1919, he incorporated the Black Star Line, a shipping company for transporting blacks between America and Africa. Yarmouth, first ship in the Black Star liner fleet. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Star_Line

10. Garvey hosted an international UNLA conference attended by delegates from twenty-five nations. http://www.jahsonic.com/NewNegro.jpg

11. But Garvey’s successes proved short- lived. In 1922, following allegations of mail fraud in the Black Star operation. Garvey received a five-year prison term. http://www.africawithin.com/garvey/garvey_gallery2.htm

12. After serving two years, his sentence was commuted by President Calvin Coolidge. http://www.africawithin.com/garvey/garvey_gallery2.htm President Calvin Coolidge http://home.intekom.com/southafricanhistoryonline/pages/classroom/pages/projects/grade12/lesson7/06-aftermath.htm

13. In 1927, Garvey was deported as an undesirable alien and never returned to the United States. http://www.africawithin.com/garvey/garvey_gallery2.htm

14. Sometimes criticized, Garvey’s ideas profoundly affected future generations of black activists, including Malcolm X. http://www.workers.org/us/2005/malcolmx.jpg

15. “Africa for Africans…the negro peoples of the world should concentrate…building up for themselves a great nation in Africa.” http://www.flickr.com/photos/bonitajamaica/592291644/

16. “It is a question of a few more years when Africa will be completely colonized by Negroes, as Europe is by the white race…What we want is an independent African nationality…” http://www.radiojamaica.com/images/stories/marcus-garvey2-web.jpg

17. “It is hoped that when the time comes…the brotherly co-operation which will make the interest of the African native and the American and West Indian Negro one and the same…” http://www.globalafrica.com/MarcusG.JPG

18. “… that is to say, we shall enter into a common partnership to build up Africa in the interest of our race.” - Marcus Garvey New York, April 18, 1922 http://www.flickr.com/photos/joneshelene/2896381853/