1. 1 Department of Energy Renewable Energy Division Solar Energy Manuel Romero Director Renewable Energy Division CIEMAT Avda. Complutense 22 28040 Madrid

2. 2 SPAIN: ENERGY SUPPLY AND NATURAL RESOURCES   High external energy dependence: 80% primary energy dependence; 99.5% oil dependence; 97.1% gas dependence.   Since 2000 a year-on-year primary energy demand growth rate of 3.2% and almost 6% for electricity   In terms of energy supply Iberia is an island.   High solar and wind resources.   2/3 of territory above 4.3 kWh/m 2 (Daily global solar radiation on horizontal surface) Mediterranean H.V. Networks Mediterranean Gas Pipelines

3. 3 SOLAR ENERGY CHARACTERIZATION Radiometric instrumentation Antenna Meteosat 7 TASK 36: Solar Resource Knowledge Management Operating Agent: David S. Renné (NREL) CIEMAT is the Spanish partner in Task 36. NREL. NASA.CIEMAT is the Spanish partner in Task 36. NREL. NASA. Only Spanish institution working on satellite-based management systems for solar radiation characterization (European MESSOR project).Only Spanish institution working on satellite-based management systems for solar radiation characterization (European MESSOR project).

4. 4 Scenario EREC: Priorities Photovoltaics Photovoltaics – Drastic reduction of costs through R&D in materials and cells, design and production of modules, components and systems. Solar concentration. Trackers. Solar thermal Solar thermal - Solar heating and cooling innovative applications. - Technology innovation and early commercial projects of solar thermal power plants. ABENGOA SOLAR

5. 5 CIEMAT has an experienced unit for testing PV components and monitoring and evaluating grid- connected large PV power plants. PHOTOVOLTAICS: Spanish specificity Moving from roofs to rural sites & trackers

6. 6 Multiplicity of PV technologies 0 510 15 20 25 module efficiency (%) module price (€/Wp) 1 2 3 4 0 c-Si tf-Si & CIGSS new concepts 2005 2010 2020 >2030 OSC technology families technology generations tf-Si = thin-film silicon CIGSS = copper-indium/gallium-selenium/sulfur c-Si = wafer-type crystalline silicon X-tech = concentrator technology OSC = “organic” solar cells new concepts = advanced versions of existing technologies & new conversion principles X-tech commercial Beyond SQ limit Bounded to SQ limit

7. 7 Spain: PV key players CIEMAT: Thin films (tf-Si and CIS), testing PV components & evaluation of grid- connected power plants. CENER-CIEMAT and INTA: Certification IES-UPM: Concentrating PV –ISFOC: First commercial plant 3 MWp have been granted to Solfocus (US), Concentrix (DE) and Isofotón (ES). Second call: EMCORE (US) IQC: Organic Solar Cells. INDUSTRY: Isofotón, BP-Solar, Atersa. NREL(cooperation): -Miguel A. Contreras: CIGS record 20% -Manuel Romero, NREL-NCPV -IES- Cooperation Concentrating PV Micro-pilot plant of magnetron sputtering for processing 30 x 30 cm samples 100 kW at ISFOC

8. 8 ambient air temperature 25°C radiation on collector 800 W/m 2 ambient air temperature 25°C radiation on collector 800 W/m 2 SOLAR COOLING NEEDS

9. 9 ARFRISOL: National strategic project on solar cooling Five representative buildings Large national construction companies: Acciona, Dragados, OHL, FCC Five manufacturers of equipment: Unisolar, Climatewell, Atersa, Gamesa, Isofotón R&D Centers (CIEMAT, Universities) Cooperation with NREL: Ron Judkoff. Center for Buildings and Thermal Systems?????

10. 10 Plataforma Solar de Almería: Two decades of continuous R&D EUROTROUGH, DISS, INDITEP, EURODISH, SOLAIR, SOLGATE, DISSTOR

11. 11 CSP: US and Spain are the key Traditional cooperation with Sandia National Labs and NREL through IEA/SolarPACES since 1978. –SSPS project –RAS project –Solar Tres –Solar Detox Low profile cooperation with industries like Boeing, SES. Recent presence of Acciona, Abengoa and Sener in the US may help to increase cooperation. Contacts with NREL (Mark Mehos) to establish new agreements in the field.

12. 12 University of Colorado at Boulder, CU; USA Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas – CIEMAT; Spain Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – CNRS; France Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. – DLR; Germany Paul Scherrer Institut –PSI; Switzerland Tokyo Institute of Technology; JAPAN Weizmann Insitute of Science – WIS; Israel IPHE Solar High Temperature Thermochemical Water Splitting Joint Project Coordinator: Prof. Al Weimer (Univ. Colorado at Boulder) Professor of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering DOE and General Atomics participating but not signing International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy The collaborative solar thermochemical hydrogen production project was endorsed at the 2005 IPHE Steering Committee in Kyoto, Japan on 14-15 September 2005 as an outstanding development and demonstration project. The collaborative solar thermochemical hydrogen production project was endorsed at the 2005 IPHE Steering Committee in Kyoto, Japan on 14-15 September 2005 as an outstanding development and demonstration project. HELP! Reinstatement of $3.5 million for U.S. Solar Driven High-temperature Thermochemical Production of Hydrogen Project Program US Department of Energy requested no funding for hydrogen production in the FY 2009 Letters of international support sent to Senator Byron Dorgan, Chairman, Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development