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Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. A Mars Heavy Transport.

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Presentation on theme: "Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. A Mars Heavy Transport."— Presentation transcript:

1 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com A Mars Heavy Transport Architecture Using Existing Launchers and Technology

2 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Existing « throw capacity » to a direct Trans Mars Injection (C3 = 10 km 2 /s 2 ) Delta-IV HeavyAriane VProton / cryo[1][1]Proton/ Briz[2][2] Payload after TMI:8,000[3][3]5,900[4][4]5’800[5][5]4,580[6][6]Kg [1][1] Assumes developing a new cryogenic upper stage for the Proton, with same dry mass as the Briz-M. [2][2] Using the 327s isp Briz-M upper stage [3][3] Delta IV Heavy Demo brochure [4][4] Derived from GTO payload data [5][5] Derived from Briz-M payload data [6][6] Proton Launch System Mission Planner’s Guide, page 2-23

3 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Potential payload to Trans Mars Injection using a space tug for orbit raising from 400 x 400 km orbit to 400 x 300,000 km departure orbit (C3 = 10 km 2 /s 2 ) Delta-IV HeavyAriane VProton / cryoProton / Briz Payload after TMI:17,600[1][1]16,400 16’000[1][1] 14,600[1][1] kg [1][1] Additional air drag due to increased payload fairing to 5.4m diameter

4 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Standard Delta-IV Fairing Proposed configuration

5 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Standard Delta-IV Fairing Proposed configuration Mars entry aeroshell Payload adaptor and cryogenic cooling system Upper stage modified for cryogenic cooling of propellants

6 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Orbital Transfer Tug 3,500 m2 SLASR solar arrays Propulsion Module equiped with several NEXT ion drives (13.3 tons) Jettisoneable Propellant Tank (7.1 tons)

7 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Low Earth Orbit

8 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Low Earth Orbit to Earth Departure Orbit Earth LEO

9 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Low Earth Orbit to Earth Departure Orbit Earth LEO

10 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Low Earth Orbit to Earth Departure Orbit Earth LEO

11 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Low Earth Orbit to Earth Departure Orbit Earth LEO

12 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Low Earth Orbit to Earth Departure Orbit Earth LEO

13 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Low Earth Orbit to Earth Departure Orbit Earth LEO

14 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Low Earth Orbit to Earth Departure Orbit Earth LEO

15 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Low Earth Orbit to Earth Departure Orbit Earth LEO Departure Orbit

16 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Earth Departure Orbit Direct launch crew transfer capsule

17 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Space tug orbit lowering by multiple atmospheric passes Earth LEO

18 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Space tug Orbit lowering by multiple atmospheric passes Earth LEO

19 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Space tug Orbit lowering by multiple atmospheric passes Earth LEO

20 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Space tug Orbit lowering by multiple atmospheric passes Earth LEO

21 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Space tug Orbit lowering by multiple atmospheric passes Earth LEO

22 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Space tug Orbit lowering by multiple atmospheric passes Earth LEO

23 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Space tug Orbit lowering by multiple atmospheric passes Earth LEO

24 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Mars Capture Orbit

25 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Mars Capture Orbit Mars 1 sol period capture orbit 250 x 33,793 km

26 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Transfer data: best 180-day opportunities from 2001 to 2039 DateDeparture C3Arrival C3Departure dVArrival dVEntry VTOF (km2/s2) (km/s) (days) 17.03.2001 8.65 22.27 0.53 1.90 6.53 180.00 05.06.2003 9.20 9.00 0.56 0.84 5.47 180.00 09.08.2005 16.52 13.80 0.90 1.24 5.87 180.00 28.09.2007 20.80 26.50 1.09 2.21 6.84 180.00 28.10.2009 20.20 44.38 1.06 3.38 8.00 180.00 02.12.2011 15.91 49.85 0.87 3.70 8.33 180.00 06.01.2014 11.09 44.16 0.65 3.36 7.99 180.00 20.02.2016 8.88 28.45 0.55 2.34 6.97 180.00 06.05.2018 8.13 10.85 0.51 1.00 5.63 180.00 19.07.2020 13.63 10.85 0.77 1.00 5.63 180.00 08.09.2022 19.69 22.09 1.04 1.89 6.52 180.00 17.10.2024 21.57 40.90 1.12 3.16 7.79 180.00 17.11.2026 17.92 50.47 0.96 3.74 8.37 180.00 21.12.2028 13.50 54.37 0.76 3.96 8.59 180.00 31.01.2031 9.28 35.98 0.56 2.85 7.48 180.00 06.04.2033 8.42 14.92 0.52 1.34 5.97 180.00 25.06.2035 10.47 8.48 0.62 0.79 5.42 180.00 24.08.2037 17.76 15.47 0.95 1.38 6.01 180.00 03.10.2039 21.00 31.83 1.10 2.57 7.20 180.00

27 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Payload to LEO (400 x 400 km orbit) Delta-IV HAriane VProton/cryoProton/Briz Payload to LEO 22,560 21,000 22,200 * 21,600kg 5.4m fairing penalty 326 - 2,118 kg New payload to LEO 22,234 21,000 20,082 19,482kg Payload + upper stage 26,269 25,838 22,849 22,248kg Refrigeration system 426 285 345 -kg Payload adapter 589 557 532 516kg => Additional mass 1,015 842 877 516kg

28 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Results: Gross payload mass to MOC including aeroshell DateDelta-IV HAriane VProton/cryoProton/Briz 17.03.2001 17'896 16'731 16'307 14'922kg 05.06.2003 17'766 16'599 16'193 14'775kg 09.08.2005 16'128 14'942 14'769 12'955kg 28.09.2007 15'245 14'050 14'001 11'998kg 28.10.2009 15'366 14'172 14'106 12'128kg 02.12.2011 16'258 15'073 14'882 13'098kg 06.01.2014 17'327 16'154 15'811 14'282kg 20.02.2016 17'841 16'676 16'259 14'861kg 06.05.2018 18'020 16'856 16'414 15'063kg 19.07.2020 16'755 15'575 15'314 13'645kg 08.09.2022 15'469 14'276 14'196 12'239kg 17.10.2024 15'092 13'895 13'868 11'833kg 17.11.2026 15'834 14'644 14'513 12'634kg 21.12.2028 16'783 15'604 15'339 13'677kg 31.01.2031 17'747 16'580 16'177 14'754kg 06.04.2033 17'950 16'786 16'354 14'984kg 25.06.2035 17'469 16'299 15'936 14'442kg 24.08.2037 15'867 14'678 14'542 12'670kg 03.10.2039 15'205 14'009 13'966 11'955kg

29 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Results: Net mass to MOC without aeroshell mass (~3.5 tons) DateDelta-IV HAriane VProton/cryoProton/Briz 17.03.2001 14'297 13'179 12'771 11'442kg 05.06.2003 14'286 13'158 12'766 11'396kg 09.08.2005 12'664 11'520 11'354 9'605kg 28.09.2007 11'724 10'579 10'532 8'613kg 28.10.2009 11'733 10'597 10'535 8'653kg 02.12.2011 12'551 11'426 11'245 9'550kg 06.01.2014 13'600 12'484 12'158 10'703kg 20.02.2016 14'197 13'082 12'683 11'344kg 06.05.2018 14'514 13'391 12'964 11'659kg 19.07.2020 13'292 12'154 11'902 10'290kg 08.09.2022 11'969 10'823 10'746 8'867kg 17.10.2024 11'492 10'352 10'326 8'388kg 17.11.2026 12'144 11'015 10'891 9'107kg 21.12.2028 13'024 11'906 11'655 10'079kg 31.01.2031 14'054 12'940 12'556 11'197kg 06.04.2033 14'410 13'289 12'873 11'553kg 25.06.2035 14'004 12'873 12'521 11'077kg 24.08.2037 12'399 11'254 11'123 9'320kg 03.10.2039 11'653 10'510 10'468 8'545kg

30 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Manned mission to Mars orbit Example manned habitat: Destiny with 5 basic racks = 14.5 tons Minimum consumables for 3 persons for 180 days = 2.4 tons Rough estimation for a 3-person habitat to Mars = 17.7 tons Activities in Mars orbit: 1.Explore the Moons of Mars 2.Remote-control surface robots for in situ resource exploitation (prepare base and manned ascent vehicle) 3.Land on the surface

31 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Getting down to the surface Problem: Ballistic Coefficient is too high (560 kg/m2) Solution: Raise Drag Coefficient, enlarge drag area Standard aeroshell (works only for relatively light payloads) Large heatshield in front of payload Light aeroshell and hypersonic parachute

32 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Results: Useful payload on the martian surface - Depends on the atmospheric entry solution chosen - Chemical thrust delta-v may vary between 600 m/s and 1,400 m/s depending on the solution - Considering LOX/LH thrusters, final useful surface payload may vary between 30% and 50% of the atmospheric entry mass: Delta-IV HeavyAriane VProton / cryoProton / Briz Useful payload on surface: 5.3 to 8.8 tons4.9 to 8.2 tons4.8 to 8.0 tons 4.4 to 7.3 tons

33 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Conclusions 1.Light manned missions to Mars orbit can be made possible using existing launchers and technology Requirements: - Modifying upper stages for cryogenic cooling - Developing an ion-driven space tug - Developing a 5.4m Mars aeroshell - Man-rating a heavy launcher to launch the CEV to 400 x 300,000 km 1.Manned missions to the martian surface may be possible using existing launchers provided certain new technologies are developed Further requirements: - Hypersonic parachutes - Highly autonomous robots for surface activity - Practical and lightweight LOX/LH extraction from martian water

34 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Thank you for your attention

35 Presented by Marco Christov at the 11th Mars Society Annual Convention, 14 – 17 August 2008, Boulder Colorado. marcochristov@hotmail.com Appendix: Orbital Transfer Tug Variations Delta-v:3.46 km/s Payload:26.3 tons Can be launched with existing launcher PropulsionISP (s)Wet Mass (tons)Dry Mass (tons) NTO/MMH327 86.0 8.1 LOX/LH462 49.8 6.9 Nuclear Thermal940 26.9 8.7 Ion drive3940 20.3 15.3

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