1. DARPA SHAKEN Virus-Invades-Cell Invade VirusCell Attach Penetrate Release Move invader thing invaded barrier Cell-membrane has-part subevent penetrator Welcome, and Thank You! A virus invades a cell in the following way. First, the virus adheres to the cell membrane. It penetrates the membrane and enters the cell cytoplasm. Enzymes in the cytoplasm uncoat the virus, releasing the viral DNA, which then moves into the cell nucleus. Rapid Knowledge Formation

2. Rapid Knowledge Formation: Program Goals (2000-2004) Central Challenges: Knowledge entry by experts Parallel distributed teams 10 6 Axioms/Year Domain experts 6 Months12 Months 10 K 100 K 1,000 K Knowledge Engineers Research Categories: Intuitive human-system interaction Automatic elaboration of entered knowledge Automated theory manipulation & refinement Prior content facilitates knowledge entry

3. High Performance Knowledge Bases (1995-1999) Build intelligent systems through “brain surgery” –Knowledge engineers trained in the art of programming knowledge bases –Tools were more like programming environments Assumed you know formal logic Assumed you know how to find and fix “bugs” Assumed you speak obscure low-level code Small incursions with end users – Army officers at BCBL, Ft Leavenworth

4. Teaching Biological Processes to a Virtual Student Our 3-year goal is to build SHAKEN, a “virtual” student –Today you will use our first version of it! You need to teach SHAKEN about a new biological process it does not know about We want to see whether SHAKEN is a good student: we need your help! –This is the first of a series of tests with users

5. Our Plan Day 1 –Session 1: introduction and tutorial of SHAKEN –Session 2: tutorial and practice Day 2 –Session 1: teaching SHAKEN on your own –Session 2: feedback and suggestions

6. Our Goals Our goal is to understand the limitations of our technology with respect to domain experts –Establish a watermark for our techniques and tools –We want these tools to help domain experts like yourselves. Are we on the right track? This is not a test of your capabilities, knowledge, or ability to perform the tasks –It is our tools that we are putting to the test! –If you cannot accomplish a task, it simply means the tool we are using is not helping you as it should

7. What we will ask you to do We will give you a task, i.e., a bunch of statements in English that describe some new knowledge that you’ll need to add in the system We will ask you to use SHAKEN to enter that knowledge Today we need to train you on how to use SHAKEN

8. How you can help us best Today, make sure you understand how to use SHAKEN –Ask anything anytime anywhere –Try things out in SHAKEN Tomorrow, we will give you an English description of what you’ll need to teach –At any point, you can ask for clarification or help We will just give you a hint

9. Tell Us About Your Background College and/or graduate degrees Do you have a personal computer at home? How many hours per week do you typically use a computer? –at work –at home Please rate your knowledge on these topics (1) very poor (2) poor (3) moderate (4) good (5) excellent e-mail Microsoft Office object-oriented programming spreadsheets databases any programming language Artificial intelligence knowledge-based systems, rule-based systems ontologies knowledge acquisition

10. DAY 1 Part I: Introduction to SHAKEN Part II: What SHAKEN already knows Part III: How to use SHAKEN Part IV: Hands-on practice