1. IST, 9 th February 2009 1 CFNCFP Joint Ph.D Programme on Fusion Science and Engineering SECOND ADVANCED COURSE ON DIAGNOSTICS AND DATA ACQUISITION by Carlos Varandas Full Professor of Instituto Superior Tecnico President of Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear

2. IST, 9 th February 2009 2 CFNCFP CONTENT 1.Introduction 2.“Instituto Superior Técnico” 3.Measurements and diagnostics 4.Plasma diagnostics 5.Structure of this course

3. IST, 9 th February 2009 3 1. INTRODUCTION o This course on Diagnostics and Data Acquisition is of the responsibility of the Physics Department and Instituto de Plasma e Fusão Nuclear of Instituto Superior Técnico o General Coordination Prof. Carlos Varandas o Coordination of the diagnostics section Prof. Fernando Serra o Coordination of the data acquisition section Prof. Horácio Fernandes

4. IST, 9 th February 2009 4 Alfredo Bensaúde First Director of IST, 1911 INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO was established with the objective of providing the country with Engineers with know-how and the necessary skills to succeed in their professional lives, while simultaneously contributing to the economic development of the country. 2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO History

5. IST, 9 th February 2009 5 The MISSION OF IST is to contribute to the development of society by providing high quality Education in the areas of Engineering, Science and Technology, at undergraduate and postgraduate levels as well as lifelong learning, and by carrying out Research, Development and Innovation activities in accordance with the highest international standards. Education Links with Society R&D 2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Mission

6. IST, 9 th February 2009 6 Campus Taguspark Campus Alameda Total Campus Area Class Rooms and Lecture Halls Study Rooms and Libraries Labs, Workshops and Computer Rooms Offices, Secretariats, Services and Meeting Rooms 104 223 m2 9 941 m2 4 050 m2 24 931 m2 24 492 m2 116 000 m2 2 045 m2 907 m2 1 560 m2 3 581 m2 2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Campus

7. IST, 9 th February 2009 7 Vocational oriented 1 st cycle programmes PhD Degree Diploma Doctoral Programme Master Degree 6 th year 3 rd year 5 th year2 nd year Licenciatura Degree 4 th year1 st year Integrated Cycle 3 rd year Bridging Programme 1 or 2 semesters 2 nd year 1 st year 2 nd Cycle 1 st Cycle 2 nd Cycle Doctoral Programme 2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Study Programme Structure

8. IST, 9 th February 2009 8 Alameda Campus Taguspark Campus 7 655 students 1 339 students –Aerospace Engineering –Architecture –Biological Engineering –Biomedical Engineering –Civil Engineering –Chemical Engineering –Electrical and Computer Engineering –Mechanical Engineering –Physics Engineering Chemistry Environmental Engineering Information Systems and Computer Engineering Materials Engineering Applied Mathematics and Computation Mining and Geological Engineering Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Territorial Engineering 5 yrs 3+2 yrs Electronics Engineering Industrial Engineering and Management Information Systems and Computer Engineering Communication Networks Engineering 3+2 yrs 21 2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO 1st and 2nd Cycle Programmes

9. IST, 9 th February 2009 9  Acoustics Engineering  Applied Statistics  Construction  Engineering and Hydraulic Works  Georesources  Geotechnics for Civil Engineering  Logistics  Medical Geology  Rehabilitation and Conservation of the Built Heritage  Risks Assessment, Safety and Reliability  Systems Engineering and Operations Research  Structural Engineering  Sustainable energy Systems  Technology Management Entreprise  Urban Studies and Territorial Management  Water and Waste Technologies and Management  Radiation Safety In cooperation with Management School of UP and ISCTE 2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Advanced Training Diplomas

10. IST, 9 th February 2009  Architecture  Civil Engineering  Territorial Engineering  Transportation  Environment Engineering  Mining Engineering and Earth Resources  Physics  Physics Engineering  Technological Physics Engineering  Fusion Science and Engineering  Industrial Engineering and Management  Sustainable Energy Systems  Systems Engineering  Technological Change and Entrepreneurship  Bioengineering  Biomedical Engineering  Biotechnology  Chemical Engineering  Chemistry  Electrical and Computer Engineering  Information Systems and Computer Engineering  Mechanical Engineering  Materials Engineering  Aerospace Engineering  Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering  Mathematics  Statistics and Stochastic Processes  Information Security 2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO PhD Programmes

11. IST, 9 th February 2009 11  Design for All  Safety and Hygiene at Work  Integrated Management of Quality, Environment and Safety  Systems Engineering in Chemical Processes  Polymer Science and Technology Specialisation Programmes Continuous Training Courses  Courses (28 courses - 1 st semester 2007) 2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Lifelong Learning

12. IST, 9 th February 2009 Admission of the 100 Best Students in S&T 2006/2007 Vacancies in S&T 2007/2008 (48%) IST UNL (3%) U. Porto (23%) U. Minho (12%) U. Coimbra (3%) U. Aveiro (10%) UBI (1%) 0% 2% 3% 4% 5% 9% 10% 11% 13% 15% 22% IST U. Porto UNL U. Coimbra U. Minho U. Aveiro UBI U. Lisboa UTAD U. Évora ISCTE FA - UTL U. Algarve ISA/UTL 2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Students

13. IST, 9 th February 2009 Basic Sciences Production Engineering and Technologies Applied Life Sciences Information & Communication Technologies Materials Microtechnology Nanoscience Energy, Environment and Mobility Technology Management & Entrepreneurship 2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Research Areas

14. IST, 9 th February 2009 14 International National 26% 74% 2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Origin of R&D Projects

15. IST, 9 th February 2009 15 University of Texas at Austin Carnegie Mellon University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Doctoral Programmes Advanced Study Programmes Joint Research Programmes Technology Transfer Intellectual Property Promotion 2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Partnerships with American Universities

16. IST, 9 th February 2009 16 University of Texas at Austin Carnegie Mellon University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Bio-Engineering Systems Engineering Design Advanced Manufacturing Sustainable Energy Systems Transportation Systems Engineering Systems Information Processing and Networking - Language Technology Critical Infrastructures and Risk Assessment Technological Change and Innovation Applied Mathematics Univ. Technology Enterprise Network Advanced Computing 2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Partnerships with American Universities

17. IST, 9 th February 2009 17 ITER International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor European Fusion Programme CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research ESO European Southern Observatory ESA European Space Agency FP 7 VII Framework Programme / EU 2. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TÉCNICO Participation in International R&D Programmes

18. IST, 9 th February 2009 18 3. MEASUREMENTS AND DIAGNOSTIC Measurements (Direct characterization of parameters of a tangibal thing) Diagnostics (Indirect calculation of parameters of unaccessible thing) - Human body - Space and Universe - Plasmas In a Fusion Device: - The external parameters are measured - The plasma parameters are diagnosed - Length of a pen - Area of a room - Velocity of a car - Clinic analysis

19. IST, 9 th February 2009 19 No interaction Weak interaction - Passive Spectroscopy - Magnetic Probes Strong interaction - Interferometry - Reflectometry - Thomson Scattering - Heavy Ion Beam Diagnostic - Diagnostic Neutral Beam - Active Spectroscopy - Laser Induced Fluorescence - Electric Probes 4. PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS 4.1. Classification by the interaction with the plasma

20. IST, 9 th February 2009 20 Electric Diagnostics - Electrical Probes Magnetic Diagnostics - Mirnov coils - Rogowski coils - Diamagnetic Loop - Loop - Sin-Cos coils - Halo Current Sensors Optical Diagnostics - Thomson Scattering - Collective Thomson Scattering - Pulse Height Analysis X-ray diagnostic - Spectrometers - Laser Induced Fluorescence - Motional Stark Effect diagnostic Wave Diagnostics - Interferometer - Reflectometer - Electron Cyclotron Emission - Polarimeter 4. PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS 4.2. Classification by the physics principle

21. IST, 9 th February 2009 21 4. PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS 4.2. Classification by the physics principle Particle Diagnostics - Heavy Ion Beam Diagnostic - Diagnostic Neutral Beam - Neutron Camera - Microfission Chambers - Neutron Flux Monitors - Gamma Ray Spectrometer - Lost Alpha Particles - Knock-on Tail Neutron Spectrometer

22. IST, 9 th February 2009 22 4. PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS 4.3. Classification by the purpose Machine Protection - IR/Visible Camera - Thermocouples - Pressure Gauges - Residual Gas Analysers - Langmuir probes Control - Loop - Rogowski Coil - Sin-Cos Coils - Interferometer - Thomson Scattering - MHD Coils - Plasma Position Reflectometer Physics Studies - Motional Stark Effect Diagnostic - Correlation Reflectometer - Profiles Reflectometer - Hoping Reflectometer

23. IST, 9 th February 2009 23 4. PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS 4.3. Development of a diagnostic  Need to calculate a plasma parameter and/or to study of a phenomena  Identification of the adequate physics principle  Conceptual design and definition of the budget  Detailed design, including the dedicated control and data acquisition system  Construction, including the development of software for diagnostic operation  Laboratorial Tests  Integration in the fusion device  Scientific Exploitation

24. IST, 9 th February 2009 24 Plasma Current - Internal Rogowski Coil Plasma Density - Interferometer - Thomson Scattering - Heavy Ion Beam Analyser - Profile Reflectometry - Electric Probes Current Density - Laser Induced Fluorescence - Heavy Ion Beam Diagnostic Electron Temperature - Thomson Scattering - PHA X-Ray Diagnostic - Heavy Ion Beam Diagnostic Ion Temperature - Spectroscopy - X-Ray Rotating Crystal Spectrometer Plasma Resistivity - Loop MHD Activity - Mirnov Probes 4. PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS 4.4. Determination of plasma parameters

25. IST, 9 th February 2009 25 4. PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS 4.4. Determination of plasma parameters Alpha Particles - Collective Thomson Scattering - Lost Alpha Detectors - Knock-on Tail Neutron Spectrometer Fusion Products - Neutron Camera - Gamma Ray Spectrometer Radiated Power - Bolometer Divertor Electron Parameters - Fast Wave Reflectometer Plasma Potential - Heavy Ion Beam Diagnostic - Electric Probes

26. IST, 9 th February 2009 26 CFNCFP 5. STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE First week 9-13 February

27. IST, 9 th February 2009 27 CFNCFP 5. STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE Second week 16 – 20 February