1. Chapter 19 Microbiology & Biotechnology OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil OB67 list three common illnesses caused by viruses and three caused by bacteria

2. OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil What is a micro-organism? An organism in a single cell… Examples of micro-organisms: Bacteria – e.g. E.coli, Samonella Virus - e.g. flu virus, HIV

3. OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil How “micro” is a micro-organism? click on the image to find out…

4. OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil How do micro-organisms grow ? click on the image to see… Each cell divides to give two/four/eight…..

5. OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil How can I see micro-organisms? If micro-organisms are given the right conditions, they will grow in numbers large enough to let us see a group of them…

6. www.juniorscience.ie OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil What conditions do micro-organisms need in order to multiply? Micro-organisms need: Food Correct temperature Suitable medium on which to grow…

7. www.junioscience.ie OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil What food do micro-organisms like? Any source of carbohydrate and protein e.g Bovril, chicken stock, or milk…

8. OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil What is a suitable temperature? Bacteria grow quickly between 30 0 C and 40 0 C

9. OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil What is a suitable medium? Micro-organisms can be easily seen growing in colonies if a clear medium is used e.g. agar jelly gelatin

10. OB65 investigate the presence of microorganisms in air and soil How do I recognise micro-organisms? Colonies of bacteria are seen as ‘blobs’ on the surface of the medium…

11. OB65 investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil Different soils contain different bacteria http://www.ceh.ac.uk/sections/epfs/Soilqualityandbiologicalindicators.htmwww.ceh.ac.uk/sections/epfs/Soilqualityandbiologicalindicators.htm

12. http://library.thinkquest.org/26467/enviromental_health.htmlibrary.thinkquest.org/26467/enviromental_health.htm How does a virus spread from person to person through the air?

13. OB67 list three common illnesses caused by viruses and three caused by bacteria Name some common illnesses…. Common illnesses caused by microorganisms: food poisoning meningitis bronchitis flu cold septic throat AIDS

14. OB67 list three common illnesses caused by viruses and three caused by bacteria Which are caused by bacteria and which by virus? food poisoning meningitis bronchitis flu cold septic throat AIDS click here to check your answers

15. OB67 list three common illnesses caused by viruses and three caused by bacteria BACTERIALVIRAL food poisoningcold septic throatflu bronchitisAIDS meningitis can be caused by either

16. OB67 list three common illnesses caused by viruses and three caused by bacteria YOUR TASK: find out which micro-organism causes the following: verucca spots pneumonia warts rabies ulcers

17. ANTIBIOTICS… these are chemical made by some micro-organisms to kill bacteria. Humans have learned to use them as a medicine. With that in mind, what is your answer to each of the following? Why are we advised to eat natural yogurt when we are taking antibiotics? Why is it useless to take antibiotics to try to cure a cold or flu? Why is it important that we finish a course of antibiotics fully? http://www.uio.no/conferences/imc7/NFotm2000/February2000.htmwww.uio.no/conferences/imc7/NFotm2000/February2000.htm Penicillin is produced by the fungus we call ‘blue mould’

18. This image is of a bird flu virus http://www.influenza-pandemic.com/page1.htmlwww.influenza-pandemic.com/page1.html BIRD FLU VIRUS… an epidemic of flu began spreading through the worlds bird population in 2005. What is your answer to the following? Why is it that the larger the flock of birds, the more quickly the flu spreads among them? Why does it spread more quickly in indoor flocks than in outdoor flocks? Why are all members of an infected flock slaughtered?

19. Do you know? During World War One, what caused the majority of deaths? The flu – it killed over 20 million people

20. Biotechnology OB66 State two uses of biotechnology in industry and two uses of biotechnology in medicine

21. OB66 state two uses of biotechnology in industry and two uses of biotechnology in medicine What is biotechnology ? Biotechnology is the use of living things to make products

22. OB66 state two uses of biotechnology in industry and two uses of biotechnology in medicine Bacteria in vaccinationsYeast in bread production Fungi in antibiotic productionYeast in alcohol production Do you know more uses? Enzymes in contact lens cleanersBacteria in yogurt production MedicineIndustry Some uses of biotechnology in…