1. Participles Forming Clauses Lesson XLIII p. 294

2. Start with a participle from the 4 th PP… 1.Vulneratus 2.Cupitus 3.Amissus

3. Use it to modify a noun: Ta-da! An adjective! 1.Miles vulneratus 2.Puer cupitus 3.Regina amissa

4. Then you can expand it to a clause! The participle-clause ADDS AN EXTRA ACTION TO THE SENTENCE. That means it functions as a VERB. But it also MODIFIES A NOUN. So it functions as an ADJECTIVE.

5. Participle Clauses 1.Miles vulneratus ab inimicis fugit. – The wounded soldier fled from the enemies. – Having been wounded, the soldier fled from the enemies. – Because he had been wounded, the soldier fled from the enemies. – After being wounded, the soldier fled from the enemies – Et cetera!

6. Participle Clauses Multae puellae puerum cupitum petiverunt. – Many girls sought the desired boy. – Many girls sought the boy whom they desired. – Many girls sought the boy because he was desired. – Many girls sought the boy who was desired.

7. Participle Clauses Nautae boni reginae amissae auxilium submiserunt. – The good sailors supplied help to the lost queen. – The good sailors supplied help to the queen, who was lost. – The good sailors supply help to the queen because she was lost. – After the queen was lost, the good sailors supplied help to her.

8. Ways to translate the participle clause Start with the formula: “HAVING-BEEN-VERBED” – E.g. Regina amissa = “the having-been-lost queen” or “the lost queen” Rephrase that in a manner that fits the whole sentence best. – Relative pronoun (who, which, that) – Time words (After, Once) – Causal words (Since, Because) – Adversative words (Although, If)

9. Expanding to a sentence Can you make a sentence out of these phrases? 1.Liber relictus (book, having-been-abandoned) 2.Templum inventum (temple, having-been- found) 3.Puella visa (girl, having-been-seen)

10. Expand *your* sentence Get your poster from last week’s noun- participle activity Expand your phrase to a sentence Illustrate the whole sentence