1. Science for conservation in Mozambique’s MPAs (2003-2013) Marcos A M Pereira, MSc. Raquel S Fernandes, BSc.

2. Background Coastline of ca. 2470 km Vital socio-economic and cultural asset Five MPAs cover ca. 6800 km 2 of marine ecosystems

3. MPAYearArea (km 2 )Legislation Quirimbas NP2002 Marine ~1,430 Total 7,506 Decree 14/2002 of 6 June MPAs in Mozambique POMPR (Inhaca) 2009 (1965) 678 43/2009 of 21 August (DL 2620 of 25 July 1965) Primeiras and Segundas EPA 2012 Marine ~ 5,000 Total 10,409 Decree 42/2012 of 12 December Bazaruto Archipelago NP 1971 (2001) Marine ~1,295 Total 1,430 DL 46/71 of 25 May Decree 39/2001 of 27 November Cabo de São Sebastião TPZ 2003 Marine ~230 Total 439,3 Decree 18/2003 of 29 April

4. Q1: What is the current internal capacity of Mozambican MPAs to conduct research & monitoring? Q2: What has been published in the primary literature in the past 10 years (2003-2013)? Q3: To what degree is this science been used to support conservation? Questions…

5. MPAManagement planResearch and monitoring plan? Resident scientist? Quirimbas NP(2004-2008) Currently being drafted Yes No Internal Capacity for R&M Primeiras and Segundas EPA Currently being drafted No POPMR (Inhaca) 2011-2015 (2010-2014) Currently being drafted No Bazaruto Archipelago NP (1999-2003) (2008-2012) (No) (Yes) No Cabo de São Sebastião TPZ No

6. MPA Nr papers (N=73) Biology/ Ecology Taxonomy/ Biodiversity Miscellaneous Quirimbas NP1030%10%60% Primeiras and Segundas EPA 1100% Bazaruto Archipelago NP 930%40%30% Cabo de São Sebastião TPZ 1100% POPMR6472%8%20% Scientific Output (2003-2013) Not a single paper on fisheries / resource use!

7. MPA Nr papers (N = 73) First Author Foreigner Mozambican Co-authors First Author National QNP10921 Primeiras and Segundas EPA 11 Bazaruto Archipelago NP 995 Cabo de São Sebastião TPZ 11 POPMR64491315 Total5716 Scientific Output (2003-2013)

8. Scientific input on Man. Plans MPA Management Plan Relevant papers cited (primary literature) Relevant technical publications QNP2004-2008None37.5% Primeiras and Segundas EPA N/A Bazaruto Archipelago NP 2008-2012None* (7)None* (40.3%) Cabo de São Sebastião TPZ N/A POPMR (Inhaca) 2011-2015 (2010-2014) 1 (3) 53.8% (41.5%) * Cited on separate Specialist Reports

9. Q1: Currently, all five MPAs have no internal capacity to conduct research. Some monitoring activities are carried out, but these data are not subjected to proper analysis, publication and use thereafter; Q2: 73 papers have been published in the primary literature. The great majority on ecological/biological issues at the POPMR (Inhaca Is.) by foreigner scientists; Q3: Management plans are hardly based on published studies and local monitoring programs Q & A…

10. i) Active promotion of research within MPAs From the Quirimbas NP management plan 2004- 2008): “All scientific research within the Park will be subject to a permit issued by the Park Management Council, at their discretion” “A fee will be charged for research within the Park. Different charges will be imposed for Mozambican nationals and non-Mozambican nationals” Recommendations

11. ii) Need for baseline studies! Fundamental to establish “where we are” and “what do we have” Important to establish conservation priorities Base reference for future monitoring

12. Recommendations iii) Research and monitoring plans Roadmaps for research activities within MPAs Important to assess effectiveness and performance

13. Recommendations iv) Funding! Funding! Funding! Research in general (and biodiversity and conservation in particular) is “out of fashion” for international donors National funding mechanisms (FNI, FUNAB): marine sciences & fisheries not a priority!

14. Obrigado! Scarus rubroviolaceous ♀ Creche, Ponta do Ouro (2014). © R. Fernandes