1. DNA RNA Double stranded molecule Contains thymine
Contains deoxyribose sugar
- Found only in nucleus
Single stranded molecule
Contains uracil
Contains ribose sugar
- Found in nucleus and cytoplasm
Made of nucleotides
- Contain adenine, guanine, and cytosine

2. Nucleotides DNA = Double stranded Instructions for making proteins
RNA = Single stranded WORKERS for making proteins
DNA: G, C, A, or T
RNA: G, C, A, or U
DNA: Deoxyribose
RNA: Ribose

4. Interphase G1 = Growth S = DNA Replication
Helicase breaks H bonds between DNA strands
DNA polymerase uses original strands as a pattern
Base Pairing: G = C A = T
Result = 2 identical molecules of DNA each with 1 original strand and 1 new strand
Needed for mitosis (each cell needs copy of DNA)
G2 = Preparation for cell division (M phase)

5. Cell Cycle

6. M Phase Mitosis = division of the nucleus
Prophase = Nucleolus disappears ; Nuclear membrane dissolves; Chromatin condenses into chromosomes; Spindle forms
Metaphase = Chromosomes attach to the spindle & are pulled into the MIDDLE (equator)
Anaphase = Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
Telophase = Spindle breaks down; Chromosomes (sister chromatids) unwind into Chromatin; Nuclear membrane reforms; Nucleolus reappears
Cytokinesis = division of same time as Telophase
Result = 2 identical daughter cells

8. Protein Synthesis Transcription (1st step = in nucleus)
The enzyme RNA polymerase copies the gene (DNA) into the complimentary sequence of mRNA
Base Pairing: G = C A = U
mRNA leaves the nucleus
Translation (2nd step = in ribosome)
mRNA goes to the Ribosome & is decoded by tRNA using the codons on mRNA & the anticodons on tRNA
3 nitrogen bases = 1 codon = 1 amino acid
tRNA delivers (transfers) the correct amino acids to the ribosome
rRNA (ribosome) forms peptide bonds between the amino acids to build the polypeptide (protein)