1. An Instructional module developed By Linda applewhite
Cigarette Smoking
An Instructional module developed By
Linda applewhite
Begin

2. Overview
Think you know all there is to know about cigarette smoking? This module may perhaps teach you something new. Please be advised that some pictures are graphic. Read through the module, then at the end you will have a chance to test your knowledge.
Menu

3. Menu Nicotine addiction and withdrawal Smoking statistics
Smoking and cardiovascular disease
Smoking and cancer
Other adverse health effects
Smoking and death
Smoking cessation pharmacotherapy
Risks to nonsmokers
Benefits of quitting smoking
What you can do
Self test
Help to quit smoking
Acknowledgments

4. Nicotine Addiction and Withdrawal
Smoking is more than just a habit for many smokers. It’s a nicotine addiction.
When you smoke, nicotine reaches the brain in about 1 to 20 seconds. This causes a chemical called dopamine to be released in the brain.
Dopamine provides a feeling of pleasure.
Withdrawal signs are:
The urge to smoke
Depressed mood
Insomnia
Irritability
Frustration or anger
Anxiety
Difficulty concentrating
Restlessness
Decreased heart rate
Menu

5. Smoking Statistics
Adults with 16 or more years of education –lowest smoking prevalence 11.3%
Adults with 9 to 11 years of education—higher smoking prevalence 36.8%
Adults living below the poverty level—smoking prevalence was higher 32.3% than those living at or above the poverty level 23.5%
Menu
Next

6. Smoking Statistics cont’d
As of 2011
Smoking Statistics cont’d
Whites
20.6%
African Americans
19.4%
Hispanics
12.9%
American Indians/Alaska Natives
31.5%
Asian Americans
9.9%
Multi-racial people
27.4%
Nevada has the highest smoking prevalence among adults at 31.5%
Kentucky 29.7%
Ohio 27.6%
Previous
Menu

7. Smoking and Cardiovascular disease
As many as 30% of all Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) deaths in the U.S each year are attributable to cigarette smoking.
Smoking also nearly doubles the risk of ischemic stroke.
Numerous prospective investigations have demonstrated a substantial decrease in CHD mortality for former smokers compared with continuing smokers.
Persons diagnosed with CHD experience as much as 50% reduction in risk of re-infarction, sudden cardiac death, and total mortality if they quit smoking after the initial infarction.
Smoking cessation advice is associated with a 50% long-term (more than 1 year) smoking cessation rate in patients who have been hospitalized with a coronary event.
Stroke Occurring
Menu

8. Smoking and Cancer Oral cancer Tonsil cancer Bladder Cancer Menu
Smoking causes the following cancers:
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Bladder cancer
Cancer of the cervix
Colorectal cancer
Cancer of the esophagus
Kidney cancer
Cancer of the larynx (voice box)
Lung cancer, nose and sinuses
Cancer of the oral cavity (mouth)
Ovarian cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Cancer of the pharynx (throat)
Stomach cancer
Oral cancer
Tonsil cancer
Bladder Cancer
Menu

9. Other Adverse Health Effects
Post menopausal women who smoke have lower bone density than women who never smoked
Women who smoke have an increased risk for hip fracture than women who never smoked
Aneurysm, bronchitis, high risk of birth defects, still birth, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), cataracts, bone thinning, and peptic ulcer disease
Menu

10. Smoking and Death
Cigarette smoking account for more than 440,000 deaths or nearly one of every five deaths each year in the U.S
More deaths are caused each year by tobacco use than by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), illegal drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, suicides, murders combined.
If nobody smoked, one of every three cancer deaths in the U.S would not happen.
Smoking causes an estimated 90% of all lung cancer deaths in men and 80% of all lung cancer deaths in women.
An estimated 90% of all deaths from chronic obstructive lung disease are caused by smoking.
Cigarette smoking is the single most alterable risk factor contributing to premature morbidity and mortality in the U.S
African Americans are more likely than Caucasians to die from smoking related diseases like lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke.
Tobacco kills more than half a million women per year worldwide. This number is expected to double by 2020.
Smoking has a damaging effect on women’s reproductive health and is associated with reduced fertility and early menopause. Women who smoke during pregnancy subject themselves and their developing fetus and newborn to special risks, including premature birth, still birth, and infant mortality.
Menu

11. Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy
Nicotine replacement therapy has been shown to be effective and should be available in all smoking cessation programs.
Both nicotine-containing gum and the transdermal nicotine patch are now available over the counter and are widely advertised.
A nicotine nasal spray is available by prescription.
Menu

12. Risks to Non-Smokers
Inhaling secondhand smoke causes lung cancer in nonsmoking adults.
Approximately 3000 lung cancer deaths occur each year among adult nonsmokers in the U.S as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.
Surgeon General estimates that living with a smoker increases nonsmoker’s chances of developing lung cancer by 20 to 30%.
Menu

13. Benefits of Quitting Smoking
Heart rate and blood pressure return to normal from an abnormally high level
Carbon monoxide within the blood start to decline within a few hours
Within a few weeks circulation improves, lungs start to clear
Within several months a person can expect substantial improvements in lung function
Sense of smell and taste of food will improve
Risk of cancer and other diseases are reduced
Quitting at age 30 reduces one’s chance of dying prematurely by more than 90%
Quitting at age 50 reduces one’s risk of dying prematurely by 50%
Menu

14. What you can do and one last thing
The best thing you can do is NEVER smoke a cigarette or use any other form of tobacco. It is also important to avoid all forms of tobacco smoke.
Smokers are at an increased risk for Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD), cancer, and chronic lung disease.
Peripheral vascular Disease
Menu

15. Self Test Read each of the seven questions carefully
Click on the best answer
If you do not get the answer correct, go back and try again
1st step
2nd step
Final step
if needed
Menu
Please begin

16. Question 1
The name of the chemical that the brain releases, which causes a feeling of pleasure is:
Carbon monoxide
Caffeine
Dopamine
Oxytocin

17. Awesome
Next Question

18. No, that’s not right
Try Again

19. Question 2 A common side effect of nicotine withdrawal is: Happiness
Insomnia
Increase concentration
Loss of appetite

20. YES! You are right.
Moving On

21. You’ll get it next time.
Click Here

22. Question 3 Which of the statements is true, pertaining to statistics?
Smoking prevalence is higher in adults living below the poverty level
Smoking prevalence is lower in adults with 9 to 11 years of education
The highest smoking prevalence rate among adults is found in Utah, Hawaii and California

23. You are smart
Next Question

24. Oh that’s too bad
Just try again

25. Coronary Artery Disease Peripheral vascular Disease
Question 4
Smokers are at an increased risk for all of the following but one:
Coronary Artery Disease
Chronic lung disease
Peripheral vascular Disease
Migraines

26. Great Job!
Moving On

27. Oh no, wrong answer
Try Again

28. Question 5
True or False? Women who smoke have a decreased risk of hip fractures than women who never smoked.
True
False

29. Keep up the good work
Only 2 more

30. Don’t give up
Next Try

31. Motor vehicle accidents
Question 6
More deaths are caused each year by?
Motor vehicle accidents
Illegal drug use
HIV
Tobacco

32. You are brilliant
On its way
Final Question

33. Not correct, sorry
Give it another shot

34. Improvement in lung function Reduced risk of dying prematurely
Question 7
What benefits can a person experience if they quit smoking?
Improved circulation
Improvement in lung function
Reduced risk of dying prematurely
All the above

35. You did it! Great work.
Next

36. Incorrect answer
That’s okay, try again
One more try

37. Help to Quit Online at http://www.smokefree.gov
Call the National Cancer Institute (NCI) smoking quit line at U-QUIT or
Free cutting edge services to people trying to quit
Centers for Disease control and Prevention (CDC)
Free quit support line (1-800-QUIT-NOW)
To Note: Some religious groups that promote non-smoking as part of their religion, such as Mormons and Seventh Day Adventist, have much lower rates of lung cancer and other smoking-related cancers.
Menu
Next

38. Click here for acknowledgements
Congratulations
Click here for acknowledgements

39. Acknowledgements Next
American Cancer Society. Cigarette smoking. Retrieved from
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health effects of cigarette smoking. Retrieved from
Second Hand Smoke and Cancer. Retrieved from
Nicotine Addiction and Withdrawal. Retrieved from
Ockene, I. S., Miller, N. H. (1997). Journal of American heart Association, 19, doi: /01.CIR
The Tobacco Connection. Demographics of tobacco use. Retrieved from
Barnsleyhealth.com
Bladdercancercarcinoma.com
Bloomberg.com
Cartoonstock.com
Chd.uk.co.uk
Experiencelife.com
Northernsydneyvascular.com.au
Nyc.gov
Office.com
Orlandohyperbarics.blogspot.com
Provena.org
Public.health.Oregon.gov
Studyblue.com
Next

40. Acknowledgements cont’d
signatureMD.com
Worldhealth.net
Tonsilca.org
Trialx.com
Riskmanagement365.wordpress.com
qcc.cuny.edu
Reuters.com
Tcsmoking.wikispaces.com
Thephilanews.com
Vaporforms.Virginia.com
Click here to exit