1. Program Design Using Haggis
Haggis is a standardised design notation used by the SQA in place of a programming language for the purpose of asking coding questions in assessments or exams.

2. Haggis formatting rules.
1. Keywords are always written in upper case letters.
SET
SEND
RECEIVE
2. Each line begins with the word “Line” (Note the capital L) and a single space before the number.
Line 1
Line 2
3. Variable names should be written in lower case letters to distinguish from keywords. Where the user wishes to use a longer variable name the second word should begin with a capital letter. e.g. firstName, secondNumber
4. Square brackets should be used in the SEND command.
5. The lines of coding inside a construct should be indented.
Line 1 REPEAT
Line SEND [“Please enter a number”] TO DISPLAY
Line RECEIVE number FROM KEYBOARD
Line 4 UNTIL number = 100

3. PRINT, INPUT and LET commands
PRINT command
True Basic PRINT “Please enter your name”
Haggis SEND [“Please enter your name”] TO DISPLAY
INPUT command
True Basic INPUT name$
Haggis RECEIVE name FROM KEYBOARD
LET command
True Basic LET area = length * breadth
Haggis SET area TO length* breadth 3

4. Example 1 (PRINT, INPUT and LET commands)
This program asks the user for the height and base of a triangle and works out the area.
PRINT “Please enter the height of the triangle”
INPUT height
PRINT “Please enter the base of the triangle”
INPUT base
LET area = (height*base)/ 2
PRINT “The area of the triangle is “; area
END
True Basic
Line 1 SEND [“Please enter the height of the triangle”] TO DISPLAY
Line 2 RECEIVE height FROM KEYBOARD
Line 3 SEND [“Please enter the base of the triangle”] TO DISPLAY
Line 4 RECEIVE base FROM KEYBOARD
Line 5 SET area TO (height*base)/2
Line 6 SEND [“The area of the triangle is ”, area] TO DISPLAY
Haggis

5. IF ... THEN construct True Basic
IF user_answer$ = correct_answer$ THEN
PRINT “Well done! You are correct.”
END IF
Haggis
IF userAnswer = correctAnswer THEN
SEND [“Well done! You are correct.”] TO DISPLAY
END IF 5

6. Example 2 (IF ... THEN ... ENDIF)
This program will ask the user the question “What is the capital of Scotland?” It will then check if the user’s answer is correct and if it is then it will display a “Well done” message.
LET correct_answer$=”Edinburgh”
PRINT “What is the capital of Scotland?”
INPUT user_answer$
IF user_answer$ = correct_answer$ THEN
PRINT “Well done, you are correct.”
END IF
END
True Basic
Line 1 SET correctAnswer TO “Edinburgh”
Line 2 SEND [“What is the capital of Scotland?”] TO DISPLAY
Line 3 RECEIVE userAnswer FROM KEYBOARD
Line 4 IF userAnswer = correctAnswer THEN
Line 5 SEND [“Well done, you are correct.”] TO DISPLAY
Line 6 END IF
Haggis

7. Questions
Now attempt questions 1, 2 and 3 from your Questions booklet.

8. Fixed Loops True Basic FOR counter = 1 TO 10 PRINT firstname$
NEXT counter
FOR NEXT loop
Haggis There are 2 ways of writing a FOR loop
(Version 1)
Line 1 REPEAT 10 TIMES
Line SEND [firstName] TO DISPLAY
Line 3 END REPEAT
(Version 2)
Line 1 FOR counter FROM 1 TO 10
Line SEND [firstName] TO DISPLAY
Line 3 END FOR 8

9. Example 3
(FOR ..NEXT)
This example asks the user for a sentence then prints that sentence 15 times.
True Basic
PRINT “Please enter your sentence”
INPUT sentence$
FOR counter = 1 to 15
PRINT sentence$
NEXT counter
Haggis
Line 1 SEND [“Please enter your sentence”] TO DISPLAY
Line 2 RECEIVE sentence FROM KEYBOARD
Line 3 REPEAT 15 TIMES
Line 4 SEND sentence TO DISPLAY
Line 5 END REPEAT

10. Questions
Now attempt question 4 from your Questions booklet.

11. Conditional Loops DO ... LOOP UNTIL Haggis Line 1 REPEAT
True Basic DO
PRINT “Please enter your mark”
INPUT mark
LOOP UNTIL mark >= 50
Haggis
Line 1 REPEAT
Line 2 SEND [“Please enter your mark”] TO DISPLAY
Line 3 RECEIVE mark FROM KEYBOARD
Line 4 UNTIL mark >= 50 11

12. Example 4 (DO .. LOOP UNTIL)
This program asks the user for a password and keeps asking until the user enters “apple”.
True Basic DO
PRINT “Please enter password”
INPUT password$
LOOP UNTIL password$ = “apple”
PRINT “You have clearance”
Haggis
Line 1 REPEAT
Line 2 SEND [“Please enter password”] TO DISPLAY
Line 3 RECEIVE password FROM KEYBOARD
Line 4 UNTIL password=”apple”
Line 5 SEND [“You have clearance”] TO DISPLAY

13. Questions
Now read Example 5 in your notes booklet and then attempt Questions 5, 6, 7 and 8 from your Questions booklet.