1. Development of the modern Periodic table
Chapter 6.1

3. Periodic  Periodic Law  Periodic Table
Something periodic occurs at regular or at least generally predictable intervals
Periodic law - physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
Periodic Table of Elements – a table of the elements, arranged by atomic number, that shows the patterns in their properties; based on the periodic law

4. Element
A pure substance made up of one kind of atom that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means
90 occur naturally on earth
25 were synthesized (made) by scientists

5. Dmitri Mendeleev
In the 1860’s he devised a periodic table where the elements were ordered by their atomic masses
He did this by grouping elements together according to their similarities
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6. Mendeleev’s Predictions
Although Mendeleev’s Periodic Table of Elements had missing elements or “gaps”, he was able to predict the characteristics of these missing elements because of Periodic Law.

7. Henry Moseley
In 1914, his work led to a revision of the periodic table by rearranging the elements by their atomic numbers
He concluded that the number of protons in an atom is its atomic number
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8. Classes of Elements
This zig-zag staircase line separates the metals from the nonmetals. The elements along this line are sometimes called metalloids

9. What metal is not a solid
Metals
Location
Found on the left of the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table (exception  Hydrogen)
Chemical Properties
Have few electrons in their outer energy level, thus lose electrons easily
Physical Properties
ductile, good conductors, malleable, shiny, most are room temp. 79 Au 11 Na
22.990
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What metal is not a solid
@ room temperature?

10. Atoms with Few Electrons in their Outer Energy Level
Notice: only 1 electron in outer level 11 Na
22.990
Sodium 4 Be
9.012
Beryllium
Notice: only 2 electrons in outer level

11. Non-Metals
Location
Most found to the right of the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table
Chemical Properties
Most have almost full outer energy levels, thus they tend to gain electrons; some have completely full outer level
Physical Properties
not ductile or malleable, not shiny, poor conductors, most are solid, but some are gas at room temperature 17 Cl
35.453
Image taken from: 16 S
32.066
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12. Atoms with Full or Almost Full Outer Energy Level8 O
15.999
   
Oxygen
Notice: 2 electrons in outer level – FULL 2 He
4.003
Helium
Notice: 6 electrons in outer level – almost full
Notice: 7 electrons in outer level – almost full 9 F
18.998
Fluorine

13. Metalloids
Location
Border the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table
Chemical Properties
Most atoms have ½ (≈) complete set of electrons in outer level
Physical Properties
have properties of both metals and non-metals 14 Si
28.086
Image taken from: 5 B
10.811
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14. Atoms with ½ (≈) Complete Outer Energy Level
Notice: only 4 electrons in outer level
                    5 B
10.811
Boron
Notice: only 3 electrons in outer level 14 Si
28.086
Silicon

15. Using the Periodic Table
Atomic Number
(Number of protons)
Electron Configuration
(Written in order of orbitals from top to bottom: top is innermost and bottom is outermost [valence])
Element Symbol
(Written with a capital letter or a capital followed by a lower case if two letters )
Element Name
Atomic Mass
(Rounded to a whole number, equals
the number of protons and neutrons)

16. Using the Periodic Table
Letters are color coded based on the natural physical state of the element
The boxes of each element are color coded based on the group (or subgroup) to which the element belongs

17. Today – 11/10/14 Complete Ch. 6 Vocabulary Page 197 (20 words)
Due by end of class – NO EXCUSES
Begin color-coding Periodic Table
1 side:
metals, nonmetals & metalloids
Names of groups
2nd side: periodic trends
Atomic radius
Ionic radius
Ionization energy
Electronegativity