1. PRESENTATION: BORDER HEALTH Santa Fe, New Mexico July 2004 PRESENTATION: BORDER HEALTH Santa Fe, New Mexico July 2004 DR. MANUEL ROBLES LINARES U.S. / Mexico Border Health Association Asociación Fronteriza Mexicano / Estadounidense de Salud

2. PROJECTSPROJECTS Ruby Marentes Maria Chaparro Rosa M. Benedicto Ramón Acosta

3. USMBHAUSMBHA BI-NATIONAL ASSOCIATION BI-NATIONAL ASSOCIATION PIONEER PIONEER NON PROFIT NON PROFIT ACTIONS IN THREE DISTINCT AREAS ACTIONS IN THREE DISTINCT AREAS 1.- BHC (BI-NATIONAL HEALTH COUNCILS) 1.- BHC (BI-NATIONAL HEALTH COUNCILS) 2.- UNIVERSITIES AND LEARNING CENTERS 2.- UNIVERSITIES AND LEARNING CENTERS 3.- LOCAL DEPARTMENTS OF HEALTH PROGRAMS PROJECTS PROGRAMS PROJECTS 14 PEOPLE 14 PEOPLE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE CONSISTING OF: EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE CONSISTING OF: (PRESIDENT, SECRETARY, TREASURER, REPRESENTATIVE OF MEXICO, REPRESENTATIVE OF US, AND THE TECHNICAL SECRETARIAT OF THE PAHO) HAS STATUTES AND REGULATIONS HAS STATUTES AND REGULATIONS ITS PRESIDENCY ALTERNATES (MEXICO-USA) ITS PRESIDENCY ALTERNATES (MEXICO-USA)

4. HISTORYHISTORY 61 YEARS OF UNINTERRUPTED SERVICE INSTITUTIONAL AND PERSONAL MEMBERSHIP ANNUAL MEETING ALTERNATES BETWEEN US AND MEXICO DEFINITION OF THE BORDER STATES IN THE US 1.- 10 STATES 2.- 32 MUNICIPALITIES 3.- 25 COUNTIES POPULATION ALONG THE BORDER: - 6,275,135 US - 5,022,882 MEXICO

5. BORDER STATES USA 6,275,135 MEXICO 5,022,882

7. PROGRAMS: WHAT HAS BEEN DONE TO PROMOTE HEALTH ALONG THE US - MEXICO BORDER?

8. NEW DIMENSIONS OF PUBLIC HEALTH ALONG THE BORDER MEXICOUS POPULATION5,022,8826,275,135 POPULATION5,022,8826,275,135 SOCIAL SECURITY 50%87% SOCIAL SECURITY 50%87% OPEN POPULATION50 MIL30 MIL OPEN POPULATION50 MIL30 MIL INVESTED IN HEALTH4% GDP14.5% GDP INVESTED IN HEALTH4% GDP14.5% GDP HEALTH INSTALLATIONS 14.5 HEALTH INSTALLATIONS 14.5 MORTALITY13 PER MIL8 PER MIL MORTALITY13 PER MIL8 PER MIL BIRTHS21.3 BIRTHS21.3 INDICATORS OF SOCIAL 60%92% INDICATORS OF SOCIAL 60%92%DEVELOPMENT THE MISSION OF BORDER HEALTH IS EQUITY

9. RECOGNITION FOR ACHIEVEMENTS REACHED IN BORDER HEALTH IBWC (INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY AND WATER COMMISSION)1950 IBWC (INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY AND WATER COMMISSION)1950 EPA EPA BANK OF BORDER DEVELOPMENT BANK OF BORDER DEVELOPMENT BI-NATIONAL HEALTH COMMISSION 2000 BI-NATIONAL HEALTH COMMISSION 2000 PRELIMINARY REVISIONS PRELIMINARY REVISIONS GUBERNATORIAL MEETINGS GUBERNATORIAL MEETINGS MEETINGS BETWEEN SONORA-ARIZONA MEETINGS BETWEEN SONORA-ARIZONA

10. ACTIVE, PASSIVE AND STRUCTURES IN OBSERVANCE ACADEMIC CENTERS (ALMOST A CENTURY) ACADEMIC CENTERS (ALMOST A CENTURY) UNIVERSITIES UNIVERSITIES HEALTH UNIVERSITIES HEALTH UNIVERSITIES MEDICAL SCHOOLS MEDICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH BORDER COLLEGES BORDER COLLEGES NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENTS ALTRUISTIC MOVEMENTS ALTRUISTIC MOVEMENTS FOUNDATIONS FOUNDATIONS VOLUNTEERS VOLUNTEERS ASSISTANCE ASSISTANCE

11. GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF DENGUE - 2000 GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF DENGUE - 2000

12. LIFE CYCLE OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX MALARIA OR PALLADIUM PARASITES MALARIA OR PALLADIUM PARASITES LIFE CYCLE OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX MALARIA OR PALLADIUM PARASITES MALARIA OR PALLADIUM PARASITES

13. GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF MALARIA 2002 GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF MALARIA 2002

14. TRANSMISSION MODE OF VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS OF SAN LUIS or WEST NILE Mosquito vectors (Culex Species) Vertebrate reservoirs Dead – end hosts Virus

17. MEDIUM INCREASE IN BORDER POPULATION, 2000 - 2020 Population by Millions 14.012.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 YEARS200020102020 8.9 8.1 7.3 6.3 8.3 10.412.6 TENDENCIA 1990 – 2000 (3.51%) PROYECCIÓN MEDIA (2.5%) PROYECCIÓN CONAPO (1.79–1.30%)

18. Population Trends 2000 – 2050 Population by age groups Percentage Breakdown 2000 - 2050 Population Trends 2000 – 2050 Population by age groups Percentage Breakdown 2000 - 2050 Percentage8060 40 20 0 YEARS 2050200020102020 < 15 15 - 64 65 and over

19. Birth Rates Mexico 1930 - 2000 Birth Rates Mexico 1930 - 2000 4 3 2 1 0 YEARS20001930 5 6 7 Births per Woman

20. Demographic Changes in Mexico Mexico Population by Millions 60 40 20 0 80 100 120 YEARS 20001930

21. RIO GRANDE IN CIUDAD JUAREZ 1900

22. VACCINATION TO IMMIGRANTS, 1911

23. MIGRATION AND SOCIAL INSTABILITY, 1911

24. COMMITTEE AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS, 1948

25. TREATMENT FOR POLIO, 1949

26. 58TH ANNUAL MEETING HERMOSILLO, SON. 2000 58TH ANNUAL MEETING HERMOSILLO, SON. 2000 RESOLUTIONS 21 st CENTURY DIABETES DIABETES ADDICTIONS ADDICTIONS ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT DIABETES DIABETES ADDICTIONS ADDICTIONS ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT

27. ANATOMYANATOMY

28. MODERN ANATOMY

29. PREVENTIONPREVENTION Life with Spinal Bifida

30. CASES OF SPINAL BIFIDA AND MENINGITIS

31. BIRTH CONTROL

32. STATISTICS 1950-2000 MEASLES, POLIO 19502000 ACCIDENTSACCIDENTS DIABETESDIABETES CHOLERACHOLERA PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS 19502000 VIRAL SICKNESS 19502000 CANCERCANCER ADDICTIONSADDICTIONS

33. DIABETES AND CHRONIC ILLNESSES

34. GLOBAL POPULATION Currently there are 6.3 billion people in the world Currently there are 6.3 billion people in the world It is estimated that earths population will reach 8.9 billion by the year 2050. Most of this increase will occur in developing countries. It is estimated that earths population will reach 8.9 billion by the year 2050. Most of this increase will occur in developing countries. The 49 countries which are least developed will over exceed 168 million to 1.7 billion in the year 2050. The 49 countries which are least developed will over exceed 168 million to 1.7 billion in the year 2050. In proportion to the total world population, adolescents will increase from 14% to 25.6%. In proportion to the total world population, adolescents will increase from 14% to 25.6%.

35. REPRODUCTIVE AND SEXUAL HEALTH 560,000 youth live with HIV/AIDS out of which 31% are female 560,000 youth live with HIV/AIDS out of which 31% are female The virus is mainly spread through sexual activity between men who have sex with men, but many young women are being infected. The virus is mainly spread through sexual activity between men who have sex with men, but many young women are being infected. Latin America countries have developed action plans towards the information and education of sexual and reproductive health. Latin America countries have developed action plans towards the information and education of sexual and reproductive health.

36. GLOBAL YOUTH POPULATION Almost half of the worlds population are younger than 25 years. The largest youth population in history. Almost half of the worlds population are younger than 25 years. The largest youth population in history. 100 million youth between 15 to 24 years of age are in Latin America 100 million youth between 15 to 24 years of age are in Latin America 1,200 million adolescents. The largest adolescent population recorded in history. 1,200 million adolescents. The largest adolescent population recorded in history. More than 20% of the population in developing countries are between the ages of 10 and 19 More than 20% of the population in developing countries are between the ages of 10 and 19 85% of the adolescents in the world live in these developing countries 85% of the adolescents in the world live in these developing countries

37. GLOBAL POVERTY 238 million, almost a forth of the youth population, live with A DAILY PAIN 238 million, almost a forth of the youth population, live with A DAILY PAIN 462 million youth live with less than TWO DAILY PAINS, thats 43% of youth population 462 million youth live with less than TWO DAILY PAINS, thats 43% of youth population 6 out of 10 youths in the world and 1 out of 4 adolescents live in extreme poverty. 6 out of 10 youths in the world and 1 out of 4 adolescents live in extreme poverty. 15 million youth in Latin America live in extreme poverty 15 million youth in Latin America live in extreme poverty 2 out of 11 countries containing 77% of the youth in extreme poverty are in Latin America: Brazil and Mexico 2 out of 11 countries containing 77% of the youth in extreme poverty are in Latin America: Brazil and Mexico

38. GLOBAL EDUCATION 153 million youth between 15 to 24 years of age de are illiterate. 62% of which are females 153 million youth between 15 to 24 years of age de are illiterate. 62% of which are females 2 out of 3 illiterates in the world are females older than 15 years. 2 out of 3 illiterates in the world are females older than 15 years. Up until the age of 18, girls have received an average of 4.4 years less than boys Up until the age of 18, girls have received an average of 4.4 years less than boys Birth rates decrease as educational levels increase Birth rates decrease as educational levels increase Its very common for a girl with a low level of education to wed and to bare children at an early age Its very common for a girl with a low level of education to wed and to bare children at an early age

39. PUBLIC POLICIES FOR THE YOUTH Mobilize active community support Mobilize active community support Involve the youth in the planning and development of policies and programs Involve the youth in the planning and development of policies and programs Investing in youth will generate greater opportunities for future generations Investing in youth will generate greater opportunities for future generations Develop programs that are decentralized, multi dimensional and cross sectional to address the inaction costs Develop programs that are decentralized, multi dimensional and cross sectional to address the inaction costs The programs must adjust to the specific vital situations and meet the cultural expectations of the youth The programs must adjust to the specific vital situations and meet the cultural expectations of the youth

40. YOUTH IN LATIN AMERICA Half of all street children live in Latin America Half of all street children live in Latin America 17.4 million children under the age of 15 work as child laborers in Latin America 17.4 million children under the age of 15 work as child laborers in Latin America One out of every 230 people in the world, is a child or an adolescent forced to runaway from home. One out of every 230 people in the world, is a child or an adolescent forced to runaway from home.

52. INTERNATIONAL PREVENTIONS

53. Esteban Loaiza Jose Luis Castillo Ana Gabriela G. J ulio C esar C havez Oscar De La Hoya Edward James Olmos Elsa Benitez Paulina Rubio Thalia George Lopez INTERNATIONAL PREVENTIONS

55. VISIT US AT: USMBHA USMBHA www.usmbha.orgwww.usmbha.orgwww.usmbha.orgwww.usmbha.org DR. MANUEL ROBLES LINARES EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Santa Fe, New Mexico July 2004 Santa Fe, New Mexico July 2004