1. Kinematic Equations and Projectile Motion
By Corina Bot

2. Projectile Motion
The speed in the x-direction is constant; in the y-direction the object moves with constant acceleration g.
This photograph shows two balls that start to fall at the same time. The one on the right has an initial speed in the x-direction. It can be seen that vertical positions of the two balls are identical at identical times, while the horizontal position of the yellow ball increases linearly.
wikipedia.org

3. Package follows a parabolic path and remains directly below the plane at all times.
As the package falls, it undergoes a vertical acceleration;  there is a change in its vertical velocity.
This vertical acceleration is attributed to the downward force of gravity which acts upon the package.

4. x Component (horizontal) y Component (vertical)
Kinematic Equations for Constant Acceleration in Two Dimensions
x Component (horizontal) y Component (vertical)
vx = vxo + axt vy = vyo + ayt
x = xo + vxot + ½ axt y = yo + vyot + ½ ayt2
vx = vxo + 2ax(x – xo) vy = vyo + 2ay(y – yo)
- A cannonball being launched at an angle from a cannon atop of a very high cliff.
The cannonball follows a parabolic path.
As the cannonball rises towards its peak, it undergoes a downward acceleration. An upwardly moving cannonball which is slowing down is said to be undergoing a downward acceleration.
v0x
v0y v q0

5. "Physics" by Giancoli, 6th ed.
Conceptual Example 3-6/pag. 59: Where does the apple land?
A child sits upright in a wagon which is moving to the right at constant speed as shown. The child extends her hand and throws an apple straight upward (from her own point of view), while the wagon continues to travel forward at constant speed. If air resistance is neglected, will the apple land (a) behind the wagon, (b) in the wagon, or (c) in front of the wagon?
Figure 3-25.
Response: The child throws the apple straight up from her own reference frame with initial velocity vy0 (Fig. 3–25a). But when viewed by someone on the ground, the apple also has an initial horizontal component of velocity equal to the speed of the wagon, vx0. Thus, to a person on the ground, the apple will follow the path of a projectile as shown in Fig. 3–25b. The apple experiences no horizontal acceleration, so vx0 will stay constant and equal to the speed of the wagon. As the apple follows its arc, the wagon will be directly under the apple at all times because they have the same horizontal velocity. When the apple comes down, it will drop right into the outstretched hand of the child. The answer is (b).
"Physics" by Giancoli, 6th ed.

6. A child sits upright in a wagon which is moving to the right at constant speed v0=20m/s, as indicated. The child extends her hand and throws an apple at an angle a = 27⁰, while the wagon continues to travel forward at constant speed. If air resistance is neglected, calculate distance traveled by the cart until apple reaches back the child’s hand.
v0=20m/s
a = 27⁰
d = ?
General equations
d=?
v0x
v0y v0 a x y
time = t
t = ?
d = ?
Particular equations

7. t = ? d = ? time = t d=? Particular equations
v0=20m/s
a = 27⁰
d = ?
d=?
v0x
v0y v0 a x y
time = t
From horizontal (x) equation:
From vertical (y) equation:
Substitute t in equation (3) to get d: