1. It won’t happen here! The explosion in corruption cases in a ”non- corrupt society” – the Norwegian case. Paul Larsson Professor at the Norwegian Police University College in Oslo.

2. The snow-white image We don’t have corruption in Norway! Very few, if any, corruption cases after WWII before the Oslo-scandal in 1989 /90. A non-corrupt police and customs service No tradition of systemic corruption Corruption is what goes on in Russia, Italia, Afrika and so on

3. Q: Are we naive? A: No, we are blind. The real problem has been: lack of awareness of the nature of corruption Lack of clear conceptions We don’t see ourselves as deviant Result: we don’t interpret shady business practices as corruption or crime

4. The not so white image Long traditions as a shipping nation. Corruption and bribery as a tradition and ”way of life”. Tax deductabel until 1996. Norway as an international player The prohibition and smugling of liquer Norway as a oil nation No white hands.

5. The Oslo Scandal and beyond Employers at the departement of maintenance in Oslo received goods, services and cash for millions during the 1980s. More than 60 were investigated 29 convictions Loss of the town of Oslo ca – 8,6 million kr.

6. The dam is bursting! Rise in corruption cases the last 5 years. Between 1990 and 2004 – 52 convicted convicted (this included the Oslo case). 2005 until june 2008 – 49 persons / corporations convicted (Korrupsjon i Norge). Big cases (Waterworks case, Murud case)

7. Explanations? A rise in corruption? Growth and improvements in laws and regulations - criminalization Media as watchdogs Raised awareness By business By politicians By the public

8. Anything but temptations … Motivation - low pay, too much pressure … Opportunity – high turnover, trading position, responsibility to make contracts … Control – internal and external controls, formal (laws and rules) and informal (business and societal norms), regulation.