1. The Immune and Lymph System
Chris DePietro
Luke Sanderell

2. First: The Lymphatic System
Lymphatic cardiovascular system
*Associated*

3. How homeostasis is maintained
4 functions:
Absorb excess fluid  bloodstream
*Cardiovascular System
Capillaries absorb fats bloodstream
*in small intestines
Production, maintenance, distribute lymphocytes
Defense against pathogens

4. The System Consists of: Vessels- 1 way system; begins with capillaries
excess tissue fluid
capillary involvement
Skeletal muscle
Organs
Red bone marrow
Thymus gland
Nodes
spleen

5. Excess Tissue Fluid Fluid inside capillary: lymph
Contains: H2O, fat, ions, nutrients, gases, proteins
Contains antibodies from lymphocytes
Fight infection

6. Capillaries Join to form vessels that merge before entering:
Thoratic Duct- lymph to left of subclavin vein
-OR-
Right Duct- right of subclavin vein

7. Skeletal Muscle Contraction
Similar to heart in cardiovascular
Forces pump lymph through vessels
Always outward
No flowing back in

8. Organs Red bone marrow: Thymus gland More common in children
Spongy and semisolid red tissue
Site of stem cell division
Various types of blood cells made
Ex: Lymphocytes (mature B cells)
Thymus gland
In thoraic cavity
T cells mature here by thymosin hormone

9. Organs Nodes Spleen Small Occur along vessels
swollen=fighting infection
Spleen
Red pulp
Blood vessels and sinuses
Removes old blood cells
White pulp
In red pulp where B/T cells are
Can live without. Weaker immunity

11. Video Summary

12. Immunity Human body at 98.6° is ideal for pathogens to thrive
Nonspecific and Specific defenses
Bodily defenses keep us alive

13. Nonspecific Defenses 4 defenses Barriers to entry Protective proteins
Phagocytes and natural killer cells
Inflammatory response

14. Barriers to Entry Nonchemical, mechanical barriers
Skin and mucous membranes- impermeable
In respiratory, digestive, urinary tracts

15. Protective Proteins 3 ways:
When enhanced inflamation histamine release
Bind to pathogen surface and engulf
White blood cells
Joint proteins allow swell and burst

16. Phagocytes and Natural Killer Cells
Kill pathogens
Neutrophils in connective tissue
Eosinophils- parasite defense
Macrophages (everywhere) and dendritic (skin) cells
Engulf and destroy by enzyme
NK cells
Lymphocytes
Kill virus infected cells and cancer cells

17. Go to 1:17

18. Inflammatory Response
4 signs:
Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain/inflamation
*red/warm- histamine makes capillaries grow
Increased permeability=swelling
Stimulates nerves=pain
Fever natural response
Takes pathogen out of “comfort zone”

19. Specific Defenses Second in line Work to immunity
Used when nonspecific is inadequate
Work to immunity
No infection now or later
Attack and directed to antigen
Pathogen or cancer cell
Explains immunity to chicken pox
Takes 5-7 days first infection
Shorter each time after (immunity)

20. Specific Defenses B and T cells B cells- antibody immunity
T cells- cell-mediated immunity

21. B cells Produce antibodies Produce memory b cells Release cytokines
Response to antigens
Produce memory b cells
After killing virusmitosisimmunity and memory
Release cytokines
Proteins to help cells communicate to protect
These proteins attract killer cells

22. T cells Cell immunity Recognize antigen Mitosis produces same T cells
Introduced by macrophage/dendrite
Kills antigen on contact
Mitosis produces same T cells
Memory cells to protect from same antigen

23. Innate V Adaptive

24. So… Innate immunity= nonspecific defenses
Adaptive, or acquired immunity=specific defenses

25. Active and Passive Immunity
Artificial
Immunization gives antigen
Natural
Have pathogen
Develop disease and immunity
Passive
Inject antibodies for protection
Passing of antibodies
Ex: pregnancy, breast feeding

27. Immunity: against us? HIV virus Tissue rejection Host is a T cell
Attacks macrophages
Reproduces in T cell to kill T cells
Tissue rejection
Complicated transplants
Antibodies and T cells object new tissue
Solution: give immuno-suppressive drug

28. Diseases Autoimmune Diseases Allergies Self antigen or foreign?
Chronic inflammation and attacking
Ex: Rheumatoid Arthritis
Allergies
Hypersensitivity
Sensitive to substance antigens
Antibodies launch attack to antigens=symptoms

29. Works Cited
"Active and Passive Immunity." Web. 15 Apr <
"Innate and Acquired Immunity." School of Veterinary Medicine. University of Wisconson. Web. 15 Apr <
"Innate or Non-specific Immunity." Redirect to New Biomedical Graduate Page. Web. 15 Apr <
Mader, Sylvia S. "Chapter 33- Lymph Transport and Immunity." Biology. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Print.
"Organs of the Lymphatic System." Welcome to Hillfield Strathallan College. Web. 15 Apr <
"The Immune System." Rapid Learning Center. Web. 15 Apr <