1. Ph.D student at LMV/Chalmers Topic: Gravimetry (AG, SG) Student: Per-Anders Olsson Supervisor: Hans-Georg Scherneck (Jonas Ågren) Where? : LMV/Chalmers Financed by: LMV When? : 2007-09-01  2013-12-31??

2. First project – Baltic Sea Paper to Jena 2008-09-01 Why Baltic Sea? Large amplitude Not periodic Not handled (FG5) Data ”avaliable” Unique conditions Short and long term effects

3. Theoretical approach 1.Farrell, W.E., 1972. Deformation of the Earth by Surface Loads, Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, 10, 761-797. 2.Jentzsch, G., 1997. Earth Tides and Ocean Tidal Loading. in Tidal Phenomena, pp. 145-172, eds. Wilhelm, H., Zürn, W. & Wenzel, H.-G. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg. Spherical, elastic earth Greens function for gravity Convolution of Greens function and sea surface Newtonian effect at height Load love numbers from G-B Earth Model 1 PREM reference earth model 2

4. Some examples …the purpose of the following is not to present any results (everything is still preliminary), I just want to give You an idea of what I am working with and hopefully get some response to that. Please, be aware…

5. Stations and grid 10 degree sea surfaceBaltic sea surface

6. One meter water (1) StationNewtonLoadingTotalNewtonLoadingTotal Arjeplog1.793.975.760.290.690.98 Kiruna1.864.115.970.240.500.74 Kramfors2.403.996.391.592.383.97 Kungsholmsfort7.134.8912.026.613.7010.31 Mårtsbo1.373.885.250.692.553.24 Onsala1.825.116.930.391.091.48 Skellefteå1.643.895.530.671.982.66 Smögen5.475.3410.810.370.931.29 Visby1.565.046.591.114.165.27 Östersund1.713.785.480.380.991.37 Ratan1.724.245.960.872.593.46 Lycksele1.483.424.900.421.251.67 LMV1.423.985.400.652.493.14 Metsähovi0.922.953.870.682.533.22 10 degree sea surfaceBaltic sea surface All numbers in  gal

7. One meter water (2) Distribution of the loading effect

8. Data from SMHI (1) Stn_name Sealevel [cm] 2008-03-062008-03-27 Kalix78-60 Furuogrund80-50 Ratan75-42 Spikarna70-20 Forsmark60-12 Stockholm6510 Landsort_Norra5720 Marviken4512 Oskarshamn30 Kungsholmsfort-1040 Simrishamn-3040 Skanor-6045 Klagshamn-5540 Barseback030 Ringhals3015 Goteborg355 Smogen350 Kungsvik350

9. Data from SMHI (2) 2008-03-06 2008-03-27

10. Data from SMHI (3) Station  g [  gal] 2008-03-06 2008-03-27 Arjeplog0.73-0.25 Kiruna0.77-0.20 Kramfors2.65-0.82 Kungsholmsfort-0.343.70 Mårtsbo1.86-0.19 Onsala0.910.54 Skellefteå1.92-0.96 Smögen2.290.25 Visby2.010.95 Östersund0.89-0.19 Ratan2.43-1.10 Lycksele1.13-0.40 LMV1.78-0.19 Metsähovi1.70-0.29

11. Sensitivity of location (1) text H/10 < Theta critical < H*10

12. One meter water, 10 degree sea surface Station Distance from coast [m] Height (RH2000) [m] Direct attraction [ gal] Direct attraction H = 0 [ gal] Diff [ gal] Arjeplog1560004501.791.76 0.03 Kiruna1540004661.861.83 0.03 Kramfors11201202.401.39 1.01 Kungsholmsfort1027.131.29 5.84 Mårtsbo7380441.371.32 0.05 Onsala17061.821.54 0.28 Skellefteå1360551.641.46 0.18 Smögen2065.471.65 3.82 Visby2770461.561.34 0.22 Östersund1500004531.711.67 0.04 Ratan2200531.721.45 0.27 Lycksele1134002451.481.46 0.02 LMV2720141.421.40 0.02 Metsähovi16400560.920.88 0.04 Sensitivity of location (2)

13. Long term sea level change StationDelta_g [  gal/year] Arjeplog-0.0087 Kramfors-0.0351 Kungsholmsfort-0.0137 Mårtsbo-0.0217 Onsala-0.0107 Skellefteå-0.0250 Smögen-0.0267 Visby-0.0164 Östersund-0.0110 Ratan-0.0318 Lycksele-0.0142 LMV-0.0208 Metsähovi-0.0148

14. Storm in the Baltic Sea 1872 StationNewtonLoadingTotal Gedser55.33324.839760.17 Kungsholmsfort8.35273.133911.49 Onsala-0.4211-1.1027-1.52 Smogen-3.4792-1.5830-5.06 Visby0.09190.42160.51 Sea level in Danish foot (0.3 m) All numbers in  gal

15. Conclusions...

16. To come… … Baltic loading … Groundwater … Atmospheric loading … GIA … SG/AG