1. CHAPTER 16 Population and Urbanization
Sociology
4/8/2017
CHAPTER 16 Population and Urbanization
Section 1: Population Change
Section 2: Urban Life
Chapter 16

2. Objectives: Section 1: Population Change
Identify factors that affect the size and structure of populations and explain how sociologists measure these factors.
Summarize how sociologists explain population change and describe the programs that have been instituted to control population growth.

3. Size and Structure of Populations
Section 1: Population Change
Size and Structure of Populations
Birthrate – annual number of live birth per 1,000 members of a population
Death rate – number of deaths within a society
Migration rate – annual difference between in-migration and out-migration
Growth rate – rate at which a country’s population is increasing
Population Composition – age and sex

4. Explaining Population Change and Controlling Population Growth
Section 1: Population Change
Explaining Population Change and Controlling Population Growth
Malthusian Theory – geometric population growth but arithmetic food production, population growth could outpace food production
Demographic Transition Theory – lower birthrate and lower death rate as a result of a higher stage of technological development
Controlling Population Growth – family planning and economic improvements

5. Objectives: Section 2: Urban Life
Explain how cities evolved and why urbanization is such a recent event.
Identify the models that have been proposed to explain the structure of cities and summarize the theories that have been put forth to explain city life.

6. Evolution of the City and Urbanization
Section 2: Urban Life
Evolution of the City and Urbanization
Cities arose with the Agricultural Revolution and preindustrial cities were small
Different occupations were located in distinct sectors and people were segregated into classes or castes
Unsanitary conditions led to high death rates
During the Industrial Revolution people came to the cities in search of jobs

7. Evolution of the City and Urbanization
Section 2: Urban Life
Evolution of the City and Urbanization
(continued)
Today 75 percent of Americans live in urban areas and almost every region of the country is heavily urbanized
Urbanization in more-developed nations has generally followed an ordered progression and has resulted in increased rates of literacy, greater economic opportunities, and improved health care

8. Models of Cities Section 2: Urban Life
Concentric Zone Model – city spreads outward from center, resulting in a series of circles, or zones
Sector Model- city grows in wedge-shaped sectors outward from center to edges of the city
Multiple-Nuclei Model- city develops around several centers of activity, or “nuclei,” devoted to specialized land use

9. Theories of City Life Section 2: Urban Life
Anomie Theory – city is anonymous and unfriendly and carries negative consequences for residents
Compositional Theory – greater diversity of city residents leads to greater variety of lifestyles
Subcultural Theory – people can find others with similar interests in diverse cities, some people form close ties