1. MATHS IN THE ARAB WORLD

2. INTRODUCTION Greeks ?? Europeans Conquests: Damascus, Jerusalem,
Mesopotamia, Alexandria.
Arab territory: from India to
Spain (including North Africa
and South Italy)
Library of Alexandria House of Wisdom(“Beit al Hinka”)

3. Some translations Euclid’s Elements Ptolemy’s Almagest
Aristotle, Apollonius, Archimedes, Heron, Diophantus and Indian writers.

5. AL-KHWARIZMI Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Jwārizmī
Al-Khorezmi, al-Khwarizmi, Al-Khawarizmi,
Al-Khawaritzmi or al-Khowarizmi

6. Some notes about his biography
780 DC - Kharizm (south of Aral Sea)
850 DC - Bagdad
820 DC – Caliph Al'Mamun (House of Wisdom)
Travels: Afghanistan, Turkey, Russia...

7. Main works Maths, Astronomy, Astrology, Geography and History
A page from Algebra

8. Al-Khwarizmi: father of Algebra
Kitab al-jabr wa'l-muqabala – ‘algebra’
the most ancient book
method for solving linear and quadratic equations
Reduction of the equations to one of six standard forms (b,c >0) :
squares equal roots (ax2 = bx)
squares equal number (ax2 = c)
roots equal number (bx = c)
squares and roots equal number (ax2 + bx = c)
squares and number equal roots (ax2 + c = bx)
roots and number equal squares (bx + c = ax2)

9. Solve the equation x2+6x=7
total area: x2+6x+9
x2+6x+9 = 7+9 = 16
(x+3) 2 = 42
x = 1

10. Algoritmi de numero Indorum (Latin translation)
numerical system
India
zero

11. The Arabic numeral system
Different number systems were used simultaneously in the Arabic world over a long period of time. There were three different types of arithmetic (11th century):
counting on the fingers with the numerals written entirely in words
the sexagesimal system with numerals denoted by letters of the Arabic alphabet
the arithmetic of the Indian numerals

12. al-Sizji (969) al-Biruni (1082)
The biggest change was the fact that the 2 and the 3 have been rotated through 90º.

13. The scribes therefore, instead of writing from right to left (the standard way that Arabic was written) wrote in lines from top to bottom.

14. al-Banna al-Marrakushi (beginning of the 14th century)

15. Al-Haytham
He was the first to attempt to classify all even perfect numbers as those of the form 2k-1(2k - 1) where 2k - 1 is prime.
He is also the first person that we know to state Wilson's theorem:
If p is prime then 1+(p-1)! is divisible by p.

16. Al-Battani, Abu’l-Wafa, Ibn Yunus, Nasir al-Tusi
Trigonometry
Al-Battani, Abu’l-Wafa, Ibn Yunus, Nasir al-Tusi
The Arabs start their study with the idea of the Greeks and the idea of Hindus.At the end, they prefer the idea of the Hindus.