2. EMTs and Injury Prevention Advocates for Children and Safety

3. EMT-BASIC SUPPLEMENT OSDH APPROVED 10/98 ALL EMT-BASIC COURSES EMT-BASIC REFRESHER WITHIN WELL BEING OF EMT

4. Learning Objectives Describe how EMTs can be effective community activists. Describe the Problem. Leading causes of death and injury to kids. Describe the Haddon Matrix and how to use it. Discuss specific strategies for prevention. Identify Resource Agencies. List sources for Injury Data. Describe methods for evaluating prevention programs.

5. What is an ACCIDENT ? The term accident suggests something unpredictable,random and therefore not preventable. How many injuries have you responded to that were truly from an accident and not from a preventable incident ?

6. Injury Prevention in EMS Secondary Prevention Primary Prevention Prevention of Death Prevention of Prevention of Death Prevention of and Disability from Injury and Disability from Injury Injury Injury A change of focus from: This is called a Paradigm Shift

7. Kids and Injury Prevention Children are truly our future and our legacy! Yet we fail to care for our children by providing them safe environments to grow up in. For the last forty years Injuries have been the leading cause of death in children. Accounting for over 20,000 deaths per year.

8. Why Do Kids Get Hurt? Its Age and Development Related Physical Attributes are varied. Motorskills havent fully developed. Motorskills havent fully developed. Cognitive and Behavioral development isnt complete either. Cognitive and Behavioral development isnt complete either. Anatomic & Physiologic differences alter injury patterns and severity in comparison to adults. Anatomic & Physiologic differences alter injury patterns and severity in comparison to adults.

9. Infants Behaviors Unable to communicate verbally.Unable to communicate verbally. Explores by mouth.Explores by mouth. Rapid changes in motor abilities and mobility.Rapid changes in motor abilities and mobility. Completely dependent on the care giver to meet needs.Completely dependent on the care giver to meet needs. Injury Risks FallsFalls Suffocation & aspiration from FBAO.Suffocation & aspiration from FBAO. Child AbuseChild Abuse BurnsBurns

10. Toddlers & Preschoolers Injury Risks FallsFalls Scald BurnsScald Burns DrowningDrowning PoisoningsPoisonings Child AbuseChild AbuseBehaviors Curious, exploratory, unaware of dangers Curious, exploratory, unaware of dangers Increased mobility Increased mobility Higher center of gravity Higher center of gravity

11. Elementary School Age Behaviors Improved Motor SkillsImproved Motor Skills Recognizes dangerRecognizes danger Lacks experience and judgementLacks experience and judgement Increased mobility & independenceIncreased mobility & independence Injury Risks Bicycle InjuriesBicycle Injuries Pedestrian InjuriesPedestrian Injuries Playground InjuriesPlayground Injuries

12. Adolescents Behaviors Risk TakersRisk Takers Strong Peer InfluenceStrong Peer Influence Increased IndependenceIncreased Independence ImpulsiveImpulsive Increased Experimentation BehaviorsIncreased Experimentation Behaviors Injury Risks Auto/Motorcycle Crashes Auto/Motorcycle Crashes Sports injuriesSports injuries Violence Related InjuriesViolence Related Injuries Substance AbuseSubstance Abuse SuicideSuicide

13. Anatomic & Physiologic Differences General: s urface to volume ratio, slow developing coordination and motor skills.General: s urface to volume ratio, slow developing coordination and motor skills. Airway: smaller, flexible, easily obstructed. Tongue is larger.Airway: smaller, flexible, easily obstructed. Tongue is larger. Head: larger in proportion to body. Higher center of gravity increased falls.Head: larger in proportion to body. Higher center of gravity increased falls. Trunk: chest wall is less rigid allowing for greater compression, abdominal organs are less protected also.Trunk: chest wall is less rigid allowing for greater compression, abdominal organs are less protected also.

14. What can EMS do to Help?

15. What EMS Already Does Bystander Care Bystander Care CPR CPR Seat Belt SafetySeat Belt Safety First-AidFirst-Aid Calling EMS - 911Calling EMS - 911

16. What Else Can We Do? Identifying RisksIdentifying Risks Seat-belt Use, Bicycle Helmet Use, Drunk Drivers, Injuries from Airbags, etc. Seat-belt Use, Bicycle Helmet Use, Drunk Drivers, Injuries from Airbags, etc. DOCUMENT! DOCUMENT! DOCUMENT!DOCUMENT! DOCUMENT! DOCUMENT! Speaking UP, Speaking OUTSpeaking UP, Speaking OUT Traffic Control Issues, Public Access Defib, Water Safety Traffic Control Issues, Public Access Defib, Water Safety YOU ARE AN EXPERT!!

17. Public Education Make the Right Call Make the Right Call Bystander CareBystander Care CPR - Early DefibCPR - Early Defib Public Service AnnouncementsPublic Service Announcements Newspaper ArticlesNewspaper Articles Public SpeakingPublic Speaking

18. BREAK TIME Next: Principles of Injury Control

19. Principles of Injury Control

20. Scope of the Problem Nationally: Injuries are the leading cause of death in ages1-44, and the third leading cause of death in all age groups.Nationally: Injuries are the leading cause of death in ages1-44, and the third leading cause of death in all age groups. Most at risk are: Children, minorities, those living in rural areas & with low income.Most at risk are: Children, minorities, those living in rural areas & with low income. Dollars lost: Lifetime costs per death caused by injuries are almost 4 times greater than deaths from Cancer and 6 times greater than those from Cardiovascular Diseases. Estimates of cost are $45 billion per year.Dollars lost: Lifetime costs per death caused by injuries are almost 4 times greater than deaths from Cancer and 6 times greater than those from Cardiovascular Diseases. Estimates of cost are $45 billion per year.

21. Scope of the Problem In Oklahoma Death Rates are HIGHER (92 vs. 64 per 100,00)Death Rates are HIGHER (92 vs. 64 per 100,00) Motor Vehicle Crashes are the #1 cause of death in kids aged15-19 in Oklahoma and the third leading cause of death in the 0-1 age group.Motor Vehicle Crashes are the #1 cause of death in kids aged15-19 in Oklahoma and the third leading cause of death in the 0-1 age group.

22. Injuries requiring treatment at a Medical Facility Scope of the Problem Death is only the tip of the iceberg, of the iceberg, injuries that require injuries that require treatment at a medical facility are medical facility are 400 times greater. 400 times greater. Injuries that result in death

23. Who Pays for all of this? WE DO!!!

24. The 4 Es of Injury Prevention Education Education Enforcement Enforcement Engineering Engineering Environmental Modification Environmental Modification

25. Education / Changing behaviors through education is a slow process and can take several years to occur. / Identify a Target group. / Education is used to increase the publics awareness.

26. Enforcement ã A Great Behavior Modifier ã Examples: 4 Seatbelt Compliance Laws 4 Manufacturers Compliance in Product Safety 4 Product Liability Accountability

27. Engineering ã Technological Advancements ã Design Changes: (Airbags) ã User Protection

28. Environmental Modifications ã Elimination or Reduction of Risk ã Community based changes in behaviors

29. Synergy When you combine all four of the E s, their total impact is greater than the sums of each one. 4+4=10

30. The Haddon Matrix Factors Phases

31. The Haddon Matrix Phases Pre-event: Actions that can be taken prior to an events occurrence to prevent it from occurring. Event: The injury causing incident and controls that are already in place to lessen the severity of the injury. Post-event: What EMS does currently, as well as other measures designed to stop or lessen the injury process.

32. The Haddon Matrix Factors Host: Whos involved in the injury. Who gets hurt. Agent: What objects or persons are involved with the injuries occurrence. May be contributors to the injury process or protective mechanisms. Environment: Things within the community that have an influence good or bad on the injury process.

33. Practice Session: Break into workgroups and solve an injury prevention problem

34. Project Development

35. Getting Started Identify the injury problem, its size and severity. Data Sources ?????Identify the injury problem, its size and severity. Data Sources ????? What is your target population and what do you know about them?What is your target population and what do you know about them? Are there existing programs in place for this problem or its target population?Are there existing programs in place for this problem or its target population? Dont reinvent the wheel- look for existing programs that have been successful.Dont reinvent the wheel- look for existing programs that have been successful.

36. The Planning Stage Gather together stakes holders - people with an interest in the issue.Gather together stakes holders - people with an interest in the issue. Include community leaders - shakers and movers. They can get things done.Include community leaders - shakers and movers. They can get things done. Convene a meeting on neutral turf for everyone. Let it be a brain storming session.Convene a meeting on neutral turf for everyone. Let it be a brain storming session. Set goals both short and long range with specific timelines for each.Set goals both short and long range with specific timelines for each. Anticipate opposition and plan to overcome.Anticipate opposition and plan to overcome. Stay Focused!!!Stay Focused!!!

37. Implementation Convene the Grassroots network.Convene the Grassroots network. Now involve the power brokers of the community.Now involve the power brokers of the community. Plan for and create early successes - this breeds future success.Plan for and create early successes - this breeds future success. Pick your fights carefully, if at all.Pick your fights carefully, if at all. Involve the media and keep them updated on your activities.Involve the media and keep them updated on your activities. Continually seek to improve the program.Continually seek to improve the program. Tweak! Tweak! Tweak!

38. A Primer on Presentations

39. A Primer for Presentations Keep the presentation age appropriateKeep the presentation age appropriate Plan around the audiences ability to understand and reason.Plan around the audiences ability to understand and reason. Use age appropriate words and examples.Use age appropriate words and examples. KISS!!!! KISS!!!! Modify the length of the presentation to fit the audiences attention span.Modify the length of the presentation to fit the audiences attention span. Each of us learn in different ways, impact all of them with your message.Each of us learn in different ways, impact all of them with your message.

40. Presentation Methods O R = review O O = overview O P = present O E = exercise O S = summarize

41. Visual Aids A picture is worth a thousand words CRASH Bike Safety Head Injury Skull Fracture Helmets Death Brain Injury CRASH Death Death CRASH CRASH Skull Fracture Bike Safety Helmets Helmets Helmets Head Injury

42. Scene Size Up Reading the Audience SMILE, be friendlySMILE, be friendly Move around, dont hide behind a podium.Move around, dont hide behind a podium. Make and maintain EYE contactMake and maintain EYE contact Facilitate Group ParticipationFacilitate Group Participation Remember ATTITUDE is everything Be Professional

43. Remember the Boy Scout Motto: BE PREPARED

44. The End