1. Argumentative Writing Part 1: Types of Argument

2. Argument and Persuasion Argument: To discover a version of the truth using evidence and reason. Argument: To discover a version of the truth using evidence and reason. Persuasion: Change a point of view. Persuasion: Change a point of view.

3. Occasion For the Argument

4. Forensic Argument (Past) These arguments try to establish what happened in the past. These arguments try to establish what happened in the past. These arguments rely on precedents: actions in the past that influence the present. These arguments rely on precedents: actions in the past that influence the present. Rely on Cause and effect and analysis Rely on Cause and effect and analysis

5. Examples of Forensics Ex. Did deregulation lead to the current recession? Ex. Did deregulation lead to the current recession? Ex. Should we have gone to war with Iraq? Ex. Should we have gone to war with Iraq?

6. Deliberative Arguments (Future) What should we do in the future? What should we do in the future? The past influences the future so forensic arguments may be used. The past influences the future so forensic arguments may be used. If X is true, Y may be true. If X is true, Y may be true. If X happens, so may Y. If X happens, so may Y. If X continues, then Y may occur. If X continues, then Y may occur.

7. Examples of Deliberation Ex. Should the United States allow same sex marriages? Ex. Should the United States allow same sex marriages? Should the United States use force against Syria? Should the United States use force against Syria? These arguments can be stated as Arguable Propositions These arguments can be stated as Arguable Propositions

8. Arguable Proposition Someone should take some action. Someone should take some action. Ex. The Carson City School District should require all students to wear uniforms during school hours. Ex. The Carson City School District should require all students to wear uniforms during school hours. The Federal Government should spend more tax dollars on the countrys infrastructure. The Federal Government should spend more tax dollars on the countrys infrastructure.

9. Kinds Of Arguments

10. Types of Argument Definition Definition Causation Causation Ethics Ethics Evaluation Evaluation Proposal Proposal

11. Argument of Definition Does a known object belong in a specific category? Does a known object belong in a specific category? Ex. Is a human fetus a human being? Ex. Is a human fetus a human being? Is video game playing a sport? Is video game playing a sport?

12. Argument of Causation What caused something to come into being? What caused something to come into being? What caused the current state of events? What caused the current state of events? Ex: The focus on standardized tests has diminished a students ability to be creative. Ex: The focus on standardized tests has diminished a students ability to be creative. Ex: Violent video games lead to violence in society. Ex: Violent video games lead to violence in society.

13. Argument of Ethics Arguing how we should act. Arguing how we should act. What is the right or wrong decision in a situation? What is the right or wrong decision in a situation? Are there principles involved? Are there principles involved? Are we dealing with absolute or situational ethics? Are we dealing with absolute or situational ethics? Ex: Should we use force in Syria? Ex: Should we use force in Syria? Ex: Should we pass the Dream Act? Ex: Should we pass the Dream Act?

14. Argument of Evaluation What is the quality of something? What is the quality of something? Is a Corvette a sports car? This is an argument of definition. Is a Corvette a sports car? This is an argument of definition. Is a Corvette a good sports car? This is an argument of evaluation. Is a Corvette a good sports car? This is an argument of evaluation. Qualifying it further: Is a Corvette a good sports car for the price? Qualifying it further: Is a Corvette a good sports car for the price?

15. Proposal Arguments What action should be taken What action should be taken Recognition of a problem and then the argument that by following the actions you outline, the problem will be solved. Recognition of a problem and then the argument that by following the actions you outline, the problem will be solved. Arguable Proposition would work well. Arguable Proposition would work well.