1. Tamás Fleischer Institute for World Economics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences http://www.vki.hu/~tfleisch/ tfleisch@vki.hu 15th Meeting of the Interregional Steering Committee of the Central European Transport Corridor (CETC), Senec, 4-5th of December, 2008 ABOUT THE ROLE OF THE INTER-REGIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS

2. 2 TEN (Trans-European Network), PEC (Pan- European Corridors), TINA network – and the CETC (Amber corridor) 4 European scale – Central-European scale – local scale 4 The function of the multimodal inter-regional transport corridors is: to serve the territorial coverage 4 The importance of the internal connections 4 The TEN of EU-15’s, its enlargement (PEC) and a more dense one (TINA) 4 Hungarian plans and debates and the CETC process 4 Summary, consequences

3. 3 Summary 4 The inter-regional/international corridor is an indirect, higher- level connection, its task is not directly serving the destinations, rather supplying a wider (80-100 km) area (with relatively few corridors), by improving the external connections of the local networks. 4 The main aim is the good interconnection of the whole Central- European area. A proper TEN backbone network structure has to serve that aim, and the necessity of single corridors must be followed from that. 4 There are 9-10 countries along the belt of the CETC /Amber- corridor, and it is not likely that a 200-300 km wide area could be served by one single north-south corridor. It is not the title that should be fight for, but rather a strategic level survey of the whole Central European network, and to bring decisions based on that.

4. 4 4 Gutiérrez, J. – Urbano. P. (1996) Accessibility in the European Union: the impact of the trans-European road network. Journal of Transport Geography Vol. 4. No. 1. pp. 1-12. Proximity corridors along the TEN-T road network in 2002 in the European Union supposing a provision of 40-40 km distance Automobile ways: spatial coverage

5. 5 4 Országos Fejlesztéspolitikai Koncepcióról szóló 96/2005. (XII. 25.) OGY határozat http://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=A05H0096.OGY Those Hungarian belts covered by 15-15 and 30-30 minutes access from the future road corridors by the year 2015 Automobile ways: spatial coverage Lack of feedback on planning!

6. 6 4 Corridors: do not offer direct service for neighbouring plots 4 Supply spatial coverage in an indirect way – through other road categories 4 During the planning process it is not only the direct occupied area that is important, but also the indirectly served area. => 4 For an overlapped region the corridor has any effect only if there exist an internal provision network, that can transmit the services of the corridor 4 It is not useful to overlap closely parallel coverage zones, or built the corridor close along a river, lake – as in such cases the corridor can supply but one side. Automobile ways: spatial coverage

7. 7 CETC: spatial coverage 4 Source: Agárdy, G.(Bratislava Region) Presentation CETC National Support Group Szombathely 2008.05.09. Whether this is ONE single corridor, where we have to find one single optimal trace? Or these are TWO corridors, a Rostock-Berlin-Prague-Adria (D-CZ-A-I) – and a Gdansk-Katovicze-Bratislava- Szombathely-Zagreb-Rijeka (PL-SK-H- SN/CR)

8. 8 CETC: spatial coverage 4 Source: Agárdy, G.(Bratislava Region) Presentation CETC National Support Group Szombathely 2008.05.09.+ added Whether this is ONE single corridor, where we have to find one single optimal trace? Or these are TWO corridors, a Rostock-Berlin-Prague-Adria (D-CZ-A-I) – and a Gdansk-Katovicze-Bratislava- Szombathely-Zagreb-Rijeka (PL-SK-H- SN/CR) or possible THREE corridors – 200-300 km! – Katowicze-Gönyű-Székesfehérvár-Sisek- ”V/C” And where are the east-west links?

9. 9 CETC: spatial coverage 4 Source: Agárdy, G.(Bratislava Region) Presentation CETC National Support Group Szombathely 2008.05.09.+ added Whether this is ONE single corridor, where we have to find one single optimal trace? Or these are TWO corridors, a Rostock-Berlin-Prague-Adria (D-CZ-A-I) – and a Gdansk-Katovicze-Bratislava- Szombathely-Zagreb-Rijeka (PL-SK-H- SN/CR) or possible THREE corridors – 200-300 km!) – Katowicze-Gönyű-Székesfehérvár-Sisek- ”V/C” And where are the east-west links?

10. 10 CETC: spatial coverage 4 Source: Agárdy, G.(Bratislava Region) Presentation CETC National Support Group Szombathely 2008.05.09.+ added Whether this is ONE single corridor, where we have to find one single optimal trace? Or these are TWO corridors, a Rostock-Berlin-Prague-Adria (D-CZ-A-I) – and a Gdansk-Katovicze-Bratislava- Szombathely-Zagreb-Rijeka (PL-SK-H- SN/CR) or possible THREE corridors – 200-300 km!) – Katowicze-Gönyű-Székesfehérvár-Sisek- ”V/C” And where are the east-west links?

11. 11 European perspective Source: Az országos közúthálózat 1991-2000 évekre szóló-fejlesztési programja 1991, KHVM. Road numbering since 1975 – the first signal of corridors

12. 12 4 What does the eastern extension of the grid of the TEN means? European perspective

13. 13 4 Eastern extension of the grid of the TEN European perspective

14. 14 4 Eastern extension European perspective

15. 15 4 Eastern extension of the east-west corridors European perspective

16. 16 4 Eastern extension of the east-west corridors European perspective

17. 17 4 Eastern extension of the east-west corridors European perspective

18. 18 Source: http://www.khvm.hu/EU-integracio/A_magyarorszagi_TINA_halozat/Image11.gif The Helsinki, or Pan-European transport corridors European perspective ?

19. 19 European perspective ? 4 Statements relating the CETC corridor: 4 There is a need for north-south corridor 4 There are more north-south corridors that are needed 4 The TEN-T is the internal network of the EU-15 – it was promoted in order to serve the external competitiveness of the EU 4 There wasn’t a similar internal overlay network planned based on the needs of the EU-27 (+X) area

20. 20 European perspective ? 4 In domestic transport policy not the principle was adopted (the importance of the internal networks) but project elements (priority of the Trans-European corridors) 4 By that way we causelessly emphasised the single level of the inter-regional connections from a multi-level domestic transport network, (the supplier of the external relations) at the expense of the inter-city and inter-village connections (that was the background of the internal domestic relations). 4 (1) a mistaken pattern of the corridors (east-west dominance); (2) an exaggerated weight of the corridors within the levels of the transport; (3) + a mistaken domestic structure, an enhancement of the uni-centrality

21. 21 A possible inter-regional corridor network structure in Hungary

22. 22 A possible inter-regional corridor network structure in Hungary

23. 23 A possible inter-regional corridor network structure in Hungary

24. 24 A possible inter-regional corridor network structure in Hungary Source: Fleischer Tamás – Magyar Emőke – Tombácz Endre – Zsikla György (2001): A Széchenyi Terv autópálya-fejlesztési programjának stratégiai környezeti hatásvizsgálata. 109 p. A Budapesti Közgazdaságtudományi és Államigazgatási Egyetem Környezettudományi Intézetének tanulmányai, 6. szám. Editors Kerekes Sándor and Kiss Károly. Budapest, 2001 December

25. 25 Source: Molnár László Aurél (2007) Gyorsforgalmi úthálózatunk szerkezete és számozása. Közúti és Mélyépítési Szemle Vol. 57. No. 8.

26. 26 The officially planned Hungarian automobile road network of 2030 (1999)

27. 27 Source: Molnár László Aurél (2007) Kelet- KözépEurópa úthálózata, mint a felzárkózás eszköze. Közúti és Mélyépítési Szemle Vol.57. No.11. European perspective !

28. 28 A helsinki folyosók és a TINA-hálózat kiegészítő elemei Forrás: A 8. sz. főút fejlesztési feladatai... UKIG Hálózatfejlesztési Főosztálya 2000. szept. 13 A possible inter-regional corridor network structure in Hungary ?

29. 29 And the official motorway network development plan „Sztrada express” GKM 2003

30. 30 „Regional development poles and axes” OTK 2005 (National Spatial Development Concept )

31. 31 West-Pannon perspective A scheme of the main inter-regional relations of the West-Trans-Danubian Region

32. 32 Summary 4 The inter-regional/international corridor is an indirect, higher- level connection, its task is not directly serving the destinations, rather supplying a wider (80-100 km) area (with relatively few corridors), by improving the external connections of the local networks. 4 The main aim is the good interconnection of the whole Central- European area. A proper TEN backbone network structure has to serve that aim, and the necessity of single corridors must be followed from that. 4 There are 9-10 countries along the belt of the CETC /Amber- corridor, and it is not likely that a 200-300 km wide area could be served by one single north-south corridor. It is not the title that should be fight for, but rather a strategic level survey of the whole Central European network, and to bring decisions based on that.

33. Tamás Fleischer Institute for World Economics of HAS http://www.vki.hu/~tfleisch/ tfleisch@vki.hu 15th Meeting of the Interregional Steering Committee Of the Central European Transport Corridor (CETC), Senec, 4-5th of December, 2008 ABOUT THE ROLE OF THE INTER-REGIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS THANKS FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION !