1. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden High-Speed Rail in Scandinavia - What are the alternatives? KTH Railway Group Bo-Lennart Nelldal, Ph D Professor 2013-04-10

2. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden 2 Cost Competition/ Cooperation Profitability KTH Railway Group - System approach Revenue Efficient train system Security Capacity

3. Break through of privat car Energy crisis 1 Energy crisis 2 Air expansion Quality crises Climate crisis New tracks and trains Recovery?

4. KTH Järnvägsgruppen Centrum för forskning och utbildning i järnvägsteknik 2007-09-194  Real High Speed in France: Paris-Marseille 780 km travel time: 3:05 Average speed 250 km/h Newbuilt line double track Dedicated high speed line  High Speed in Norway Oslo-Trondheim 553 km travel time: 6:38 Average speed 80 km/h Old line single track Mixed operation High Speed in Sweden  Stockholm-Malmö 600 km travel time: 4:25 Average speed 135 km/h Upgraded line double track Mixed operation

5. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden When is Real High-Speed Lines possible in Scandinavia? There should be a major endpoint market with long-distance travel There should be significant intermediate markets along the route There should be a high demand for freight transport for getting benefits of separating freight and fast passenger trains

6. Freight transport flows in Sweden blue=truck red=rail lilac=shipping Passenger transport Long distance travels >100km With all modes assigned on the road network

7. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden Stockholm Göteborg Malmö Uppsala Gävle Stockholm S:t Petersburg Köpen- hamn Hamburg Göteborg Oslo Malmö Tammerfors Århus Uppsala Åbo Umeå Uleåborg Trondheim Moss Bergen Stavanger Västerås Örebro Norrköping Linköping Jönköping Helsing- borg Odense Ålborg Gävle Sundsvall Östersund Falun Borlänge Örnsköldsvik Skellefteå Luleå Borås Trollhättan Lund Eskils- tuna Halmstad Varberg Karlstad Ortsstorlek >1miljinvånare 0,5-1,0miljinv. 250-500 tusen inv. 100-250 tusen inv. 50-100 tusen inv. Tallinn Riga Kiev Bremen Målstandard Blandtrafik 250 km/h Annan viktig linje Helsingfors Skövde Blandtrafik 200 km/h Big freight flows

8. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden Stockholm Göteborg Malmö Uppsala Gävle Stockholm S:t Petersburg Köpen- hamn Hamburg Göteborg Oslo Malmö/Copenhagen Tammerfors Århus Uppsala Åbo Umeå Uleåborg Trondheim Moss Bergen Stavanger Västerås Örebro Norrköping Linköping Jönköping Helsing- borg Odense Ålborg Gävle Sundsvall Östersund Falun Borlänge Örnsköldsvik Skellefteå Luleå Borås Trollhättan Lund Eskils- tuna Halmstad Varberg Karlstad Ortsstorlek >1miljinvånare 0,5-1,0miljinv. 250-500 tusen inv. 100-250 tusen inv. 50-100 tusen inv. Tallinn Riga Kiev Bremen Målstandard Blandtrafik 250 km/h Annan viktig linje Helsingfors Skövde Blandtrafik 200 km/h Big passenger flows

9. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden Stockholm Göteborg Malmö Uppsala Gävle Stockholm S:t Petersburg Köpen- hamn Hamburg Göteborg Oslo Malmö/Copenhagen Tammerfors Århus Uppsala Åbo Umeå Uleåborg Trondheim Moss Bergen Stavanger Västerås Örebro Norrköping Linköping Jönköping Helsing- borg Odense Ålborg Gävle Sundsvall Östersund Falun Borlänge Örnsköldsvik Skellefteå Luleå Borås Trollhättan Lund Eskils- tuna Halmstad Varberg Karlstad Ortsstorlek >1miljinvånare 0,5-1,0miljinv. 250-500 tusen inv. 100-250 tusen inv. 50-100 tusen inv. Tallinn Riga Kiev Bremen Målstandard Blandtrafik 250 km/h Annan viktig linje Helsingfors Skövde Blandtrafik 200 km/h Big freight flows + Big passenger flows = Traffic separation is necessary

10. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden 10 Trondheim Bergen Stavanger Oslo Stockholm Copenhagen/Malmö Hamburg Berlin Strategic Corridors Gothenburg Kristiansand Umeå Aarhus Odense Sundsvall

11. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden Customer requirements for passenger transport 3 hrs travel time: Daily business travel possible and a good alternative to air from city to city 2 hrs travel time: Train substitute air transport and is also competetive for transfer to airports 1 hr travel time: Daily commuting possible, induces new travel and have impacts on localisation

12. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden

13. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden 1 freight train every 40 minutes 1 truck every 15 seconds International transports 2011 – between Sweden and the continent of western Europe Both directions incuded 1 EU-truck average load 15 tons 1 freight train avrege load 600 tons 1 freight train = 40 trucks

14. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden Customer requierments for freight transport On time performance and on line information Appropriate transport time i.e. production on daytime and transport overnight 18:00-6:00 Low cost: Lower than truck High capacity: Loading gauge, axle load, train length and train weight

15. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden Capacity with mixed and separated traffic Capacity with mixed traffic Consumes capacity Capacity with only freight trains Capacity with only high speed trains

16. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden 2010-05-18 16

17. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden 2010-05-18 17 High-Speed Trains have good punctuality - because they have their own track High Speed Train Shinkansen between Tokyo and Osaka 11 trains per hour and direction with regular overtakings Average delay was only 42 seconds at 2005 Includes typhoons and blizzards!

18. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden Operating speed today and design speed for HSL Speed in km/h Conventional lines with mixed traffic New high speed lines Max speed today Possible speed Planning for max Operating speed Mixed traffic Norway210 330 Possible Sweden200250320 No Denmark180 250 (300?) 200Possible Germany230 330300Some lines France200 360320No

19. 19 Trondheim Bergen Stavanger Oslo Stockholm Copenhagen/Malmö Hamburg Berlin Gothenburg Kristiansand 2:11 6:38 1:40 3:55 2:10 4:27 3:02 6:38 2:06 6:41 2:47 6:05 4:00 8:12 5:30 13:00 Norwegian state High Speed Investigation 2:45 6:38 With High Speed Lines Travel time h:min with fastest train to/from Oslo Today (2011) 2:45 6:38 Only High Speed Trains Freight trains on old lines

20. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden 20 Trondheim Bergen Stavanger Oslo Stockholm Copenhagen/Malmö Hamburg Berlin Gothenburg Kristiansand 2:11 6:38 1:40 3:55 2:10 4:27 3:02 6:38 2:06 6:41 2:47 6:05 4:00 8:12 5:30 13:00 Norwegian state High Speed Investigation 2:45 6:38 20 Trondheim Bergen Stavanger Oslo Stockholm Copenhagen/Malmö Hamburg Berlin Gothenburg Kristiansand 2:30 6:38 1:45 3:55 1:55 4:27 2:25 6:41 2:47 6:05 4:05 8:12 5:35 13:00 Norsk Bane AS High Speed Investigation With High Speed Lines Travel time h:min with fastest train to/from Oslo Today (2011) 2:45 6:38 2:25 6:38 Ålesund 2:30 6:38 Only High Speed Trains Freight trains on old lines Both High Speed Trains, InterCity and Freight trains

21. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden 4:40 2:25 2:00 Copenhagen Berlin Hamburg 5:30 2:55 Malmö Gothenburg 1:20 Jönköping Stockholm Swedish State investigation and Europe Corridor Only High Speed Trains - Freight trains on old lines

22. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden 4:40 2:25 2:00 Copenhagen Berlin Hamburg 5:30 2:55 Malmö Gothenburg 1:20 Jönköping Stockholm Copenhagen Berlin Hamburg 6:25 Malmö Gothenburg 1:20 Jönköping Stockholm 2:00 3:20 3:50 3:20 Oslo 5:35 Swedish State investigation and Europe Corridor Only High Speed Trains - Freight trains on old lines COINCO

23. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden The missing link in COINCO Copenhagen Berlin Hamburg Malmö Gothenburg 1:20 Jönköping Stockholm 2:00 3:20 3:50 3:20 Oslo Copenhagen Berlin Hamburg Malmö Gothenburg 1:20 Jönköping Stockholm 2:00 4:05 4:35 3:20 Oslo Double track for 200-250 km/h ready 2021 2:25 2:55 New link for Approx 40 Mdr SEK New link for approx 80? Mdr SEK

24. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden 2010-05-18 24

25. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden 2014-11-24 25 Planning in Denmark and Germany

26. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden Denmark Planed and decided completed 2021 Köpenhamn-Köge-Ringsted new double track 250 km/h with ETCS Ringsted-Rödby upgraded line 200 km/h Storströmsbron new double track bridge 200 km/h Rödby-Puttgarden new double track tunnel, 200 km/h Mixed operation - sometimes with alternative routes

27. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden Germany Planed and decided completed to 2021 Puttgarden-Lübeck partly single track electrified, 160 km/h Fehmarnsund single track bridge (regional project double track) Lübeck-Hamburg four track Hamburg-Bargteheide 160 km/h Mixed operation

28. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden Denmark - Germany Planed and decided completed 2021 Partly single, double, four track 160 km/h Mixed operation Regional plans for higher standard No state plans for higher standard Mostly mixed operation Planed and decided completed 2021 Double track 200-250 km/h Some alternative routes for freight Loading gauge G1 axle load 25 tons

29. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden 29 Trondheim Bergen Stavanger Oslo Stockholm Hamburg Berlin Vision for future High Speed Rail in Scandinavia Gothenburg Kristiansand New high speed links double track for 250-350 km/h Conventional lines with upgraded track for 200-250 km/h Copenhagen/Malmö

30. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden 30 Vision for Green Freight Corridors in Europe Prioritized Railway network High Capacity Deregulated Non bueraucratic Competitive track fees Long trains High and wide loading gauge Interoperability Intermodality

31. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden The Øresund and Fehmarnbelt Links - Setting a new standard for freight Øresund Link Network statment 2014 Fehmarnbelt planned Speed200 km/h (passenger)√ Train Length1000 m√ Wagon mass4000 tons√ Loading gaugeSE-C (3,60x4,83)√ Intermodal gaugeP/C 450 (2,60x4,83)√ Meter load8,3 tons/m√ Axle load25 tons√ Distant signals2500 m1800 m Gradient WB <12,4‰ (bridge), <15,4‰ (tunnel) EB <15,6‰ (bridge), <15,4‰ (tunnel) <12,5‰ Source: Hans Boysen, KTH

32. KTH Järnvägsgruppen Centrum för forskning och utbildning i järnvägsteknik 32 Decision taken To build Ostlänken Stockholm-Linköping and Gothenburg- Landvetter for 250-320 km/h dedicated lines as a first step of a real high speed lines in Sweden To build double track from Öxnered-Gothenburg-Malmö- Copenhagen for 200-250 km/h mixed traffic To build double track from Copenhagen-Puttgarden for 200- 250 km/h mostly mixed traffic To build double track for 200-250 km/h Oslo-Halden mixed traffic t.b.d? To apply Öresund standard for freight on Rödby-Puttgarden

33. KTH Järnvägsgruppen Centrum för forskning och utbildning i järnvägsteknik 33 What is missing? A strategic plan for high speed passenger transport from Scandinavia to northern Germany A strategic plan for high capacity freight transport from Scandinavia to northern Germany A common standard for speed on upgraded and new built lines in Scandinavia A best practice standard for loading gauge and axle load for freight on upgraded and new built lines A plan for financing and build the missing links as fast as possible

34. KTH Järnvägsgruppen Centrum för forskning och utbildning i järnvägsteknik 34 What can we achieve? Very short travelling times and increase the availiability for people and business Better capacity for freight and regional trains on the conventional tracks Better climate and enviroment because people go by train instead of plane and car and more freight will go by rail Replace airplanes on distances up to 600 kilometres and cooperate with planes for feeder transports A sustainable society

35. Railway Group KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology - Railway development in Sweden Thank You! Home page: www.railwaygroup.kth.se bo-lennart.nelldal@abe.kth.se