2. Theoretical balancing of sanction systems More humane Less humane neutralisation retribution deterrence Restorative justice Human rights Grazia Mannozzi - University of Insubria

3. Opposing forces Crime control Enforcing Urban Security Preventing reoffending Controlling Prison population More punishment Less punishment Grazia Mannozzi - University of Insubria

5. European Court of Human rights Grazia Mannozzi - University of Insubria

6. Controlling prison population: the alternatives Building new prisons Reducing the sanctions severity Introducing non detentive punishments Adopting restorative justice measures Grazia Mannozzi - University of Insubria

7. The Italian reform Art. 168 bis of the Italian Penal Code With respect to the offenses for which the law prescribes a detentive punishment up to 4 years or a fine, the defendant may request the suspension of the trial with probation. The measure implies community service, reparation of the damages, and (if possible) victim-offender mediation, under the supervision of the Social services. Grazia Mannozzi - University of Insubria

9. Restorative Justice: The educational challenge RJ educational challenge Sanction system reform Restorative justice Human rights Grazia Mannozzi - University of Insubria

10. Room of Signature (Vatican) Raphael (Frescoes 1508-11) Grazia Mannozzi - University of Insubria

11. Thank you The article that explains the reasons why scientific and didactic autonomy should be guaranteed to the area of Restorative Justice as part of law school curricula is available at: http://www4.uninsubria.it/on-line/home/rubrica/home-page- docente.html?P1_m=P000443 Grazia Mannozzi - University of Insubria