1. KINGDOM PROTISTA
Conglomerate of organisms which do not fit into other 4 Kingdoms
Moneran (bacteria), Animalia, Plantae, Fungi
Much more complicated than Monerans
They represent the intermediate step in the evolution of the other three kingdoms
Protozoan is the Greek word for “first animal”
Contains about 65,000 species

2. Eukaryotes have cellular organelles, and prokaryotes (bacteria) do not
KINGDOM PROTISTA
Made up of a complex eukaryotic cell (unicellular) or cells (multicellular)
Eukaryotes have cellular organelles, and prokaryotes (bacteria) do not
Prefix uni
One (single)
Prefix multi
More than one (many)
Kingdom has organisms that demonstrate both animal and plant-like characteristics
Some members make their own food (________)
autotrophs
heterotrophs
Some ingest food from outside (____________)

3. Organisms separated based on feeding behaviors
KINGDOM PROTISTA
Organisms separated based on feeding behaviors
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
green algae brown algae red algae diatoms dinoflagellates euglenoids
amoeboids ciliates zooflagellates sporozoans plasmodial slime molds cellular slime molds water molds
(good pics also)

4. All Protozoa can reproduce asexually
One “parent” for reproduction
Called binary fission
During binary fission, one protozoan cell divides into two identical individuals.

5. KINGDOM PROTISTA
Inhabit aquatic (______) areas and terrestrial (_____) areas
water
land
Protists are classified into 12 Phyla which can be placed into 3 main groups
plant-like
fungus-like
animal-like

6. Kingdom Protista
             

7. tiny beating hair-like structures
Animal-like protists
All heterotrophs
classified by the 4 ways they move:
1) Cilia -
tiny beating hair-like structures
Coordinated movement between individual cilia
2) Flagellum(a) -
whip-like tail(s)
Back and forth wave motion

8. classified by the 4 ways they move:
Animal-like protists
classified by the 4 ways they move:
3) Pseudopodia -
projection of cytoplasm that sticks out like a foot (“false foot”)
4) Sessile -
No locomotion (_________)
movement

9. Animal-like protists - Examples
1. Amoeba
just visible to the naked eye
comes from the Greek word amoibe which means “change”
unicellular
moves by pseudopodia which give appearance of cell changing size and shape
Amoeba movie #
aquatic - lives in ponds, ditches or slowly moving streams
can cause disease – amoebic dysentery
ingests small organisms like bacteria and other protozoans

10. Animal-like protists - Examples
1. Amoeba
feeding sequence
psuedopodia surround and engulf food particle
process called phagocytosis

11. Animal-like protists - Examples
2. Paramecium
Unicellular, slipper-shaped
move by coordinated beating of many cilia
aquatic - mostly found in ponds and streams
usually do not cause diseases in humans

12. Animal-like protists - Examples
2. Paramecium - continued
Feeding occurs in the funnel-shaped gullet (buccal cavity) where food is drawn in by external and internal cilia to form food vacuole
pg_07.htm
ingests organic detritus and other small organisms like bacteria and other protozoans

13. Animal-like protists - Examples
2. Paramecium - continued
Food to waste pathway

14. Animal-like protists - Examples
2. Paramecium - continued
Reproduction
1. Binary fission (________)
asexual
N =
nucleus
F =
Fission plane

15. Animal-like protists - Examples
2. Paramecium - continued
Reproduction
2. Conjugation (________)
sexual
Form structure called conjugation tube to exchange genetic material

16. Animal-like protists: The Sporozoan
Characteristics of Sporozoans (Animal-like)
Sporozoa do not move on their own
mostly common in tropical areas
protist that reproduce by forming spores
they are usually parasitic
sporozoans named Plasmodium causes malaria
its caused by female mosquitos
humans get malaria when bitten by an infected mosquito

17. SPOROZOAN
CYCLE
chapter/20/

18. PLANT-LIKE PROTIST
Have chlorophyll
Make their own food
They can live in 4 main environments:
soil
freshwater
tree bark
salt water
they produce large amounts of oxygen which are used by other living organisms
they are grouped according to color & stucture
into 5 main groups:
2) diatoms
3) dinoflagelletes
1) euglena
5) algae
4) red dinoflagellates

19. PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d
they are grouped according to color & stucture
A) Euglena
D) Red Dinoflagellates
B) Diatom
E) Green Algae
C) Dinoflagellates

20. PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d
A) Euglena-
one celled alga that moves with one flagellum
lives in fresh water
reproduces asexually
red eyespot near front end to find light…Why?
have chlorophyll and can make their own food ( )
autotroph

21. PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d
A) Euglena Continued-
contains disk-shaped chloroplasts
organelle is the site of photosynthesis and gets its name from the presence of the green pigments (the chlorophylls)

22. PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d
B) Diatom
beautiful one celled protists
come in many shapes
EX: boats, rods, disks, triangles
important food source for water dwelling animals
cell covering is made up of 2 overlapping parts
Think of a box with a lid
made of the same material as glass
cell coverings do not decay (when dead)
used for toothpaste, scouring powders, & filters

23. PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d
C) Dinoflagellates
Algae that is usually found in oceans
Usually brown or red in color
Have hidden chlorophyll due to dark pigments
Move by two flagella
Read & Highlight hand-out on Dinoflagellates

24. PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d
Red
Dinoflagellates
produce large numbers which turns the ocean red
responsible for “red tides”
produce chemicals that kill thousands of fish
humans can become ill if they eat shell fish that have absorbed these chemicals
common off the coast of Florida or other warmer areas

25.  Red Tide 

26. Absorbed red dinoflagellates
 Red Tide Kills Fish 
Absorbed red dinoflagellates
After encountering and absorbing a red tide..a stingray becomes disoriented. They have the appearance of not being able to see or control what they are doing. Eventually the ray will stay at the surface lying horizontally and die.

27. PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d
E) Green Algae
spirogyra
Come in many different forms
can be unicellular or multicellular
they produce O2 in H2O
serve as food for fish, snails, and crayfish
usually found in “colonies”
Colony – a group of cells that live together
courses/envr429-rm/
Use for lab conjugation pictures
desmids
chlorella

28. PLANT-LIKE PROTIST Cont’d
Algae Examples
EX: volvox colony
Arranged in a single layer with flagella facing outward
The flagella beat and the colony spins through the water
EX: Kelp (brown algae) …aka….“sea weed”
used by humans for food
also used to thicken food such as ice cream and jelly

29. Mixed Algae

30. FUNGUS-LIKE PROTIST
Slime Molds:
fungus-like protists that are consumers
live in cool, damp places EX: forest floor
feed on bacteria growing on rotting logs and decaying leaves
some are parasites (very few)

31. FUNGUS-LIKE PROTIST
Life Cycle of Slime Molds:
Step 1 –
slimy mass that moves like an amoeba
beautiful colors of red, yellow, or violet
Step 2 –
stops growing and moving
produces spores inside a structure on a stalk
Step 3 –
spores develop into little cells w/ flagella
then each cell loses its flagella and grows into a slimy mass again

32. Life Cycle of Slime Mold1 3 2
Life Cycle of Slime Mold

33. Directions: Write out & highlight the following questions
1) List the three main (groups) types of protists?
2) Give two examples of animal-like protists.
3) What are sporozoans? Give one example.
4) List the 3 structures protozoan use for locomotion.
5) List 5 plant-like protists?
6) Why are algae important?
7) Explain why red tides occur and what causes them.