1. CHAPTER 20 PROTEIN METABOLISM

2. Nitrogen of Amino Acids nitrogens to be excreted are collected in glutamate which is oxidized to  -ketoglutarate and NH 4 +.

3. The Urea Cycle - Overview Urea cycle: Urea cycle: a cyclic pathway that produces urea from CO 2 and NH 4 +.

4. Amino Acid Catabolism The breakdown of amino acid carbon skeletons follows two pathways. glucogenic amino acids:glucogenic amino acids: those whose carbon skeletons are degraded to pyruvate or oxaloacetate, both of which may then be converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis. ketogenic amino acids:ketogenic amino acids: those whose carbon skeletons are degraded to acetyl CoA or acetoacetyl CoA.