1. Decompilation of.NET bytecode Stephen Horne Trinity Hall 10 th February 2004 Computer Science Part II Project Progress Report http://hal.trinhall.cam.ac.uk/~srh38/project

2. Slide 2 Decompilation of.NET bytecode The.NET framework C# compiler J# compiler Managed C++ compiler VB.NET compiler Managed C++ VB.NET J# C# CIL and Metadata Common Language Runtime.NET and the Common Language Runtime Microsofts answer to Java CLR is.NET equivalent of the JVM Lots of useful metadata provided in assemblies What about reversing the compilation process? Sometimes we want to recover source from a binary – Language translation – Lost source recovery – Checking for malicious code Obvious legal and ethical ramifications

3. Slide 3 Decompilation of.NET bytecode Executable Decompiler Source Front end UDM Back end Low-level intermediate code Unstructured control-flow graph Structured control-flow graph High-level intermediate code Structure of a decompiler Reads in bytecode Divides into basic blocks Data-flow analysis Control-flow analysis Code generation

4. Slide 4 Decompilation of.NET bytecode IL_002b: ldloc.2 IL_002c: ret Example decompilation CIL bytecode 1 9 8 2 3 45 6 7 Divide code into basic blocks and create CFG Data-flow analysis – Register copy propogation Control-flow analysis – Divide graph into intervals – Loops induced by back-edges within intervals – Nesting of intervals nesting of loops – Conditionals found by common follow nodes – Order of nodes nesting of conditionals Generate code from structured CFG Control-flow graph IL_0000: ldc.i4.0 IL_0001: stloc.0 IL_0002: ldc.i4.0 IL_0003: stloc.1 IL_0004: br.s IL_0023 IL_0006: ldc.i4.3 IL_0007: ldloc.1 IL_0008: mul IL_0009: ldarg.0 IL_000a: bge.s IL_0012 IL_000c: ldloc.0 IL_000d: ldc.i4.1 IL_000e: sub IL_000f: stloc.0 IL_0010: br.s IL_0016 IL_0012: ldloc.0 IL_0013: ldc.i4.1 IL_0014: add IL_0015: stloc.0 IL_001f: ldloc.1 IL_0020: ldc.i4.1 IL_0021: add IL_0022: stloc.1 IL_0027: ldloc.0 IL_0028: stloc.2 IL_0029: br.s IL_002b 1 3 4 7 2 8 9 IL_0023: ldloc.1 IL_0024: ldarg.0 IL_0025: blt.s IL_0006 IL_0016: ldloc.0 IL_0017: call Math::Abs(int32) IL_001c: ldloc.1 IL_001d: blt.s IL_0006 5 6 Process Entry Exit

5. Slide 5 Decompilation of.NET bytecode Current status public static int ControlExample(int x) { int y = 0; for(int i = 0; i < x; i++) { do { if(3 * i < x) y--; else y++; } while(Math.Abs(y) < i); } return y; } public static Int32 ControlExample(Int32 x) { Int32 local0; Int32 local1; Int32 local2; local0 = 0; local1 = 0; while (local1 < x) { do { if (((3 * local1) < x)) { local0 = (local0 - 1); } else { local0 = (local0 + 1); } } while (Math.Abs(local0) < local1); local1 = (local1 + 1); } local2 = local0; return local2; } Original Decompiled Features implemented: Analysis for basic conditional and looping structures Control flow graph generation C# code generation Almost half the CIL instruction set Decompiles very basic applications Remaining tasks (lots!): Local variable names Basic language features (arrays, switching, breaks etc.) Advanced features (custom indexers, operator overloading, properties) Object oriented features Extensions: Decompilation for other stack-based architectures (e.g. Java) Code generation for other languages (e.g VB.NET) Graphical user interface