1. Introduction to the Angiosperms
Chapter 19

2. Angiosperms- Anthophyta
Autotrophic, but parasitic and saprophytic representatives.
Enclosure of ovules within carpels.
Ovule- the structure in seed plants that contains the female gametophyte with egg cell; including nucellus and integuments.
Presence of endosperm in seeds.
Flower present with stamens (microsporophylls) & carpels (megasporophylls).
Species- 300, ,000

3. Class Monocotyledonae- monocots
Flower parts- 3s.
Pollen- monoaperturate.
Cotyledons- 1.
Leaf venation- parallel.
1° vascular bundles in stem- complex.
2° growth without vascular cambium.
Examples- grasses, lilies, irises, orchids, cattails, palms.

5. Class Eudicotyledonae- dicots
Flower parts- 4s & 5s.
Pollen- triaperturate.
Cotyledons- 2.
Leaf venation- netlike.
1° vascular bundles in stem- ring.
2° growth with vascular cambium.
Examples- trees, shrubs, herbs.

9. Ovary Position Hypogynous- whorls attached below the ovary.
Perigynous- stamens and petals adnate to the calyx, forming a tube (hypanthium) at the base of the ovary.
Epigynous- whorls attached above the ovary.

10. Epigyny in Malus (apple) flower

11. Mature Anther with 4 Microsporangia

12. Mature Embryo Sac- 8 nuclei, 7 celled structure

13. Double Fertilization

16. Endosperm- tissue that contains
stored food that is digested by
the sporophyte before or after
maturation of the seed.