1. Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) and African rural development. Martin Warnes Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) and African rural development. Martin Warnes

2. Tsetse flies are obligate blood-sucking parasites of mammals and reptiles. Both sexes are entirely dependent on blood

5. An ox in an advanced stage of Nagana

6. Tsetse distribution covers 11 Million km 2 of sub- Saharan Africa. Cattle distribution on the continent is almost the transverse of this

7. Draft power Transport Manure Cash-flow Ceremonial Status Meat Milk The importance of cattle in African Societies

8. It is a wise man who tills no more land than his wife can conveniently hoe (Old Zambian proverb) If you can’t keep cattle in rural Africa you can’t till enough land to feed your family and sell food for cash

11. So not only are the adults solely dependent on mammalian/reptilian blood, but also the larval and pupal stages.