1. Leigh Simmonds BA(Hons) DipNEBOSH CMIOSH MIIRSM MIMSPA Principal Health and Safety Officer Accident Recording, Reporting and Investigation 17 November 2011 CHILDREN’S & ADULTS’ SERVICES

2. Objectives Define the principles of accidents and near misses. l State when and how to report an accident/incident including RIDDOR reporting. Identify steps for carrying out an accident investigation.

3. Accident An undesired event that results in harm to people, damage to property or loss to process. International Loss Control Institute

4. Incident or Near Miss An undesired event that, under different circumstances, could have resulted in harm to people, loss to process or damage to plant. International Loss Control Institute (Near Miss)

5. Only categories 3 and 4 tend to be reported and investigated in many organisations. No injury – no property damage No injury – property damage Injury – no property damage Injury and property damage Categories of Accident

6. Bird Triangle 1 10 60 600 Major injuries > 3 day injuries Minor injuries Near misses

7. Death Disability Pain/suffering Stress & anxiety Impact on family and friends Reduced workforce morale Accident Prevention Reasons

8. Prosecutions/fines/jail Costs resulting from prohibition notices Legal fees Increased insurance premiums Repair costs Staff replacement costs

9. Costs of Accidents – Accident Iceberg Accident Iceberg £1 £8 - £36 Insured costs Uninsured costs The Cost of Accidents at Work – HSG 96

10. Costs of Accidents Insured costs Injury – Employers Liability insurance Public liability Fire insurance Damage to vehicles, plant, buildings etc. Illness

11. Costs of Accidents Uninsured costs Product/material damage Tool/equipment damage Legal costs Site clearance Production delays Additional labour/overtime

12. Costs of Accidents Uninsured costs Investigation time Clerical effort Fines Loss of expertise Loss of experienced workers Damage to company image/reputation

13. Accident Facts On average 245 people die at work each year. 30,000 serious work place injuries happen each year. 38.5 million work days are lost each year due to work place injuries. 25,000 people leave the work force every year never to return due harm suffered at work. 70% of incidents are preventable by good management.

14. Costs of Accidents Poor safety management costs the country £16 billion per year (2–3% of GDP). The above equates to £200 per employee. Three in ten organisations have no H&S budget. 1/3 of all organisations have managers who fail to appreciate the importance of H&S. British Safety Council Survey

15. The Costs of Accidents at Work (HSG96) OrganisationAnnualised Loss Representing Construction site Creamery Oil platform Hospital Transport company £700,000 £975,336 £3,763,684 £397,140 £195,712 8.5% of tender price 1.4% of operating costs 14.2% of potential output 5% of running costs 37% of profits

16. Misconceptions Accidents cannot be prevented We don’t have many accident Safety is expensive We are insured anyway

17. The Cost of Accidents “If you think health and safety is expensive, try having an accident” Sir Stelios Haji-loannou Founder and ex CEO easyjet

18. Causes of workplace accidents Pure chance theory Biased liability theory Accident proneness theory Domino theory Multi-causation theory

19. Accident causation - Heinrich 888% caused by unsafe acts or omissions 110% by mechanical failure or physical conditions 22% by Acts of God

20. Updated Domino Theory (Bird & Loftus) Lack of Management Control Unsafe underlying causes Unsafe acts, omissions or conditions AccidentInjury, damage near miss Emphasis on management failure rather than individual failure

21. Multicausation Theory (Tree) Underlying Causes  Unsafe Acts  Accident  Injury Loss Underlying Causes  Unsafe Conditions 

22. Unsafe Acts / Omissions Operating without authority Using faulty equipment Failing to follow instructions Horseplay Failure to use PPE Operating at unsafe speed

23. Unsafe Conditions Inadequate/missing guarding Poor housekeeping Defective equipment Inadequate lighting Unsuitable/damaged PPE Trip hazards Badly maintained equipment

24. Accident Forms

25. Minor Injuries All those injuries that do not fall into the major or three day categories are non RIDDOR reportable.

26. Accident Investigation To find the root & underlying causes to prevent a re-occurrence. Not to apportion blame. No legal requirement to investigate accidents.

27. 4 steps of an Investigation Gathering the information Analysing the information Identifying risk control measures The action plan and its implementation

28. Site Visit - Equipment Report form/check list Notebook and pens Tape recorder Measuring tape Cameras - instant/35mm/digital Sample containers Specialist equipment e.g. Draeger tubes, decibel meter

29. Interviewing Witnesses Use a non-threatening place for the interview. Put the witness at ease. Explain clearly the purpose of the interview. Ask easy, open questions which do not lead. Ask what happened and listen without interruption. Separate fact from opinion. Be considerate tolerant and patient! Close the interview by explaining what will happen next. Make notes and ask for signature at end of interview.

30. RIDDOR 1995 Reporting of Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations

31. What you need to know about RIDDOR If you are an employer, or are in control of work premises or employees, you have a duty under RIDDOR. You have a duty to report some work related accidents, diseases and dangerous occurrences. Reporting some Accidents and ill Health at work is a legal responsibility.

32. When do I make a report? If there is an accident / incident connected with work and involves one of the following: Death or Major Injury Over three day injury causing absence from work Notification of work related disease Dangerous occurrence

33. Death or Major Injury An employee, or a self-employed person working on your premises is: killed Suffers a major injury (including physical violence). A member of the public is killed or taken to hospital (due to your acts or omissions).

34. Over 3 Day Injury An over three day injury is one which is not a major injury but results in the injured person being away from work or unable to complete his / her full range of normal duties. lNNot counting day of injury, all other days which include days not normally worked including weekends.

35. Non-consensual Violence Resulting in death, major injury or more than 3 day injury. In connection with work Reportable

36. Injuries to non-employees You need to report an accident that happens to someone who is not at work, eg a pupil or visitor, if: the person involved is killed or taken to hospital; and the accident arises out of or in connection with the work activity.

37. Injuries to non-employees An accident will be reportable if it is attributable to: work organisation (eg the supervision of a field trip); plant or substances (eg lifts, machinery, experiments etc); the condition of the premises. Accidents and incidents that happen in relation to curriculum sports activities and result in pupils being killed or taken to hospital for treatment are reportable

38. Reportable Diseases Report in writing within 10 days using form F2508A Diseases listed in RIDDOR 1995 Common reportable diseases include occupational dermatitis or asthma

39. Reportable Diseases Examples Various WRULDs e.g. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Hand-arm Vibration Syndrome. Biological infections e.g. Hepatitis, Tetanus, Legionellosis Poisoning e.g by arsenic or lead Cancers

40. Dangerous Occurrences Report by quickest practicable means followed by F2508 within 10 days (via ICC) Gas incidents use form F2508G Balfour Beatty tunnel collapse at Heathrow resulting in fine in excess of £1.2 million

41. Dangerous Occurrences Examples Collapse of a crane or hoist Overturning of a fork lift truck Failure of a pressure system Fire/explosion from an electrical short circuit Collapse of a scaffold Major gas leak Collapse of a building

42. How to report an Accident or Incident All accidents can be reported online at https://extranet.hse.gov.uk/lfserver/external/F2508IE but a telephone service remains for reporting fatalities and major injuries only. Call the incident contact centre on 0845 300 9923 https://extranet.hse.gov.uk/lfserver/external/F2508IE

43. Any Questions