1. Practical application: Guadiana river basin water footprint (Spain) M. Ramón Llamas mrllamas@geo.ucm.es Complutense University of Madrid Water Footprint and Virtual Water Trade Side event Water Observatory - M. Botin Foundation 5th World Water Forum, Istanbul, 18 March 2009 Side publication of the WWDR-3 Joint venture of M. Botin Foundation and NeWater Maite M. Aldaya m.m.aldaya@ctw.utwente.nl University of Twente

2. Water footprint with distinction of green and blue water (surface and groundwater) and related economic analysis for the Guadiana basin Guadiana WF Source: CHG (2008) First time applied in a river basin in this way A recent Spanish regulation requires the WF analysis for the preparation of the EU river basin management plans that MS have to send to the EU in 2009, and then every 6 years.

3. Agricultural use of water resources in the Guadiana (Mm 3 /year) (2001) 05010015020025Km PROVINCES LOWER GUADIANA FORMER LOWER GUADIANA II OR TOP DOMAIN UPPER GUADIANA MIDDLE GUADIANA GREEN WATER BLUE SURFACE WATER BLUE GROUNDWATER Source: Aldaya and Llamas (2009) BADAJOZ CÁCERES CUENCA TOLEDO SEVILLA ALBACETE CÓRDOBA HUELVA CIUDAD REAL UPPER GUADIANA MIDDLE GUADIANA LOWER GUADIANA 1286 93 835 905 745 142 74 43 34 21 10 3 TOP DOMAIN Guadiana WF: Water consumption

4. Grain cereals 37% Grain legumes 3% Industrial crops 2% Fodder 6% Fallow land 19% Olive tree 25% Vineyard 8% Temperate climate fruit trees Grain cereals 46% Industrial crops 7% Vegetables 10% 4% Olive tree 23% Vineyard 6% Grain cereals 34% Industrial crops 15% Fallow land 27% Dry fruit trees 3% Olive tree 14% Vineyard 5% Grain cereals 6% Industrial crops 13% Vegetables 22% Citrus 38% Temperate climate fruit trees 9% Olive tree 5% Greenhouses 2% Guadiana WF: Crop area Irrigated agriculture UPPER GUADIANA Rainfed agriculture MIDDLE GUADIANA LOWER GUADIANA Grain cereals 36% Grain legumes 5% Industrial crops 5% 2% Fodder Fallow land 26% Olive tree 10% Vineyard 15% 5% Grain cereals 34% Grain legumes 4% Industrial crops 4% Fodder 3% Vegetables Olive tree 5% Vineyard 46% Irrigated agricultureRainfed agriculture Grain cereals 26% Fodder 3% Fallow land 38% Dry fruit trees 12% Olive tree 19% Grain cereals 6% 4% Fodder 7% Vegetables 11% Citrus 47% 10% Olive tree 7% Vineyard 7% Industrial crops Temperate climate fruit trees TOP 25% Temperate climate fruit trees Grain cereals 46% Industrial crops 7% Vegetables 10% 4% Olive tree 23% Vineyard 6% 25% Distribution of crops

5. Guadiana WF: Water consumption GUADIANA RIVER BASIN Human population Green Water 10 6 m 3 /year Blue Water 10 6 m 3 /year Per capita m 3 /cap/year GVA million € Blue water economic productivity €/m 3 /year 1,417,810Agricultural2,2121,8272,8491,0960.6 Livestock221628612.7 Urban130911280.9 Industrial20141,55777.9 Total2,2121,9992,9703,0681.53 Source: Aldaya and Llamas, 2009 Water footprint related to production and economic value in the Guadiana basin (2001) *These data do not include trade.

6. Guadiana WF: €/m 3 Blue water economic productivity (€/m 3 ) concerning agricultural water consumption per crop 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 UpperGuadiana MiddleGuadiana TOP LowerGuadiana Average (2001) Humid (1997) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Dry (2005) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Grain cereals Grain legumes PotatoesIndustrial crops VegetablesCitrusOlive treeVineyard €/m 3 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 UpperGuadiana MiddleGuadiana TOP LowerGuadiana Average (2001) Humid (1997) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Dry (2005) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Grain cereals Grain legumes PotatoesIndustrial crops VegetablesCitrusOlive treeVineyard €/m 3

7. Guadiana WF: Conclusions CONCLUSIONS Agriculture main water consuming sector (95%), low €/m 3 Most of the water is used for low economic value crops. This is typical for continental agriculture in Spain. Economic water productivity (€/m 3 ): 1.5 - 15 vegetables 1 - 3 vineyards 0.5 - 1 olive trees 0.1 - 0.2 cereals Surface and groundwater distinction. Outcomes not very different due to several factors: legal restrictions in GW use, one of the most regulated river basins in Spain. From “more crops and jobs per drop” towards “more cash and nature per drop”

8. Thank you