2. Parsons Brinckerhoff 1 CBTC Standardization Can it be Achieved ? Railway Age Status Report May, 1997 T. J. Sullivan Senior Engineering Manager PB Transit & Rail Systems

3. Parsons Brinckerhoff 2 Presentation Overview n Background of TCRP/IEEE Standards Process n On Board Communications Standards n IEEE CBTC standards process and progress n What’s Over the Horizon

4. Parsons Brinckerhoff 3 TCRP 1992 Origins ISTEA

5. Parsons Brinckerhoff 4 Transit Cooperative Research Program n Funds Innovative Research n Problem Statements n Maximum Benefits /return

6. Parsons Brinckerhoff 5 TCRP Project G4 Developing Standards for System and Subsystem Interfaces in Electric Rail Passenger Vehicles n Founding Group – Thomas J. McGean, PE – LTK Engineering – IEEE VTS & Linda Sue Boehmer – TSD Tom Sullivan n Initial Brainstorming Meeting – Identified 26 potential areas – Costs and benefits estimated n Eight Working Groups Formed – Open to any interested party - IEEE Standards

7. Parsons Brinckerhoff 6 Eight Working Groups 1 - Communications 2 - CB Train Control 3 - Health Monitoring 4 - Safety Standards for Software 5 - VOBC / Propulsion / Brake 6 - Auxiliary Power Systems 7 - Vehicle Passenger Information 8 - Environmental Standards for Electrical Equipment

8. Parsons Brinckerhoff 7 Eight Working Groups n 1 - Communications n 2 - CB Train Control n 3 - Health Monitoring 4 - Safety Standards for Software n 5 - VOBC/Propulsion/Brake n 6 - Auxiliary Power Systems n 7 - Vehicle Passenger Information 8 - Environmental Standards

9. Parsons Brinckerhoff 8 Communications Network CB Train Control Health Monitoring VOBC/Propulsion/Brake Auxiliary Power Systems Vehicle Passenger Information

10. Parsons Brinckerhoff 9 Communications Network CB Train Control Health Monitoring VOBC/Propulsion/Brake Auxiliary Power Systems Vehicle Passenger Information RADIO MODEM

11. Parsons Brinckerhoff 10 WG 1 Communcations Protocols Chair: Bob Anderson, Harmon Industries n Exhaustive search for candidate systems n Initial list reduced to two viable alternatives n Both were selected as a standard n Both can potentially interoperate n Either will do the job n Most successful working group and potentially could be as significant as WG2

12. Parsons Brinckerhoff 11 Draft Communications Standards n IEEE P 1473.1 – LONWORKS™ Communications Protocol » NYC Transit new subway cars (200 subway cars/year) » AAR’s ECP Brake Program (1,000,000 box cars?) » 2 million nodes sold worldwide, >1500 OEMs – Cost effective, general purpose real-time network n IEEE P 1473.2 – IEC Train Communications Network – Special purpose real time network for rail systems » ADTranz, Siemens, Ansaldo, UITP, etc. – High performance, more expensive than P 1473.2

13. Parsons Brinckerhoff 12 Train Communication Network

14. Parsons Brinckerhoff 13 IEEE P 1473.1 Node n Two sources for silicon – Motorola and Toshiba n OPEN Protocol n Extensive PC-based Development Tools n Modules available from Echelon and many others n “C” Like Language enhanced with “when” statement

15. Parsons Brinckerhoff 14 P1473.1 Programming Example #1 when (doors = (open)) { brakes = ON } ; equivalent function equivalent function DOOR SENSOR BRAKE SYSTEM B+

16. Parsons Brinckerhoff 15 P1473.1 Programming Example #2 when (loadweigh=AW3) { Display (Pelham 123 = (Full))} ; { Display (Pelham 123 = (Full))} ; PELHAM 148 20 MPH POSSIBLE CONTROL CENTER GRAPHIC SHOWING HEAVILY LOADED PELHAM 123 PELHAM 123

17. Parsons Brinckerhoff 16 LONWORKS and Vehicle CBTC Propulsion / Brake Tractive Effort P-Signal Tachometers Train Door Systems EMERGENCY BRAKE PWM, ANALOG OR SERIAL IEEE P1473.1 P W M ACTIVE TOGGLE ONE $5 LONWORKS NEURON I.C. (THREE 8-BIT MICROPROCESSORS ) SPARE I/O WAYSIDE TAG READER SERIAL “UPLOADABLE” APPLICATION PROGRAM ( EEPROM ) FREQUENCY

18. Parsons Brinckerhoff 17 WG-2 Participants ( Chairs: David Rutherford & Tom Sullivan) n Good Participation – Major signal suppliers senior technical experts – AAR, FRA, FTA – Consultants – Some Communications and Radio Suppliers n Weak Participation – Transit Properties (Except NYC Transit) – Industry “Deal Makers”

19. Parsons Brinckerhoff 18 WG 2 Activities and Objectives n Definition – Continuous bi-directional communications – Does not require track circuits n Two Basic Philosophies – Vehicle Centric – Wayside Centric n Interoperability Objectives

20. Parsons Brinckerhoff 19 Signal Suppliers’ CBTC Products

21. Parsons Brinckerhoff 20 Radio and Signal Supplier Alliances

22. Parsons Brinckerhoff 21 Spread Spectrum Spectrum

23. Parsons Brinckerhoff 22 How much bandwidth is Needed? n Information updates: 1-4 times/sec (transit) n SELTRAC - “Wayside Centric System” – sub 60 second capability (worst case poll 1/sec) – 1200 bits/sec from wayside to train (70 data bits) – 600 bits/sec from train to wayside (31 data bits) n You can never – be too rich – be too thin – or have too much communications bandwidth

24. Parsons Brinckerhoff 23 Issues working against Standardization n Corporate Greed and Egos n Tradition n Non-technical concessions required n Many technical details n IEEE Standards require 75% to agree

25. Parsons Brinckerhoff 24 Issues working for Standardization NYCT’s Canarsie Line TCRP- G4 The Only Forum to discuss Standards Separate Radio from Train Control Corporate Committment to Standards

26. Parsons Brinckerhoff 25 Summary n Communications is, and will, drive everything n The “PCC” meeting for CBTC has yet to occur n Synergy – NYCT Drives Standardization – TCRP -G4 facilitate this process n Transit Property participation is strongly encouraged in TCRP G4 Program

27. Parsons Brinckerhoff 26 n Standardized Communication Networks – TCP/IP, LONWORKS, JAVA Internets --> Intranets --> Infranets Internets --> Intranets --> Infranets n New York will drive CBTC standardization in US n TCRP -G4 & IEEE will facilitate standardization n End users will demand safe, non-stop systems Over the Horizon

28. Parsons Brinckerhoff 27 For More Information n CBTC Web Page – www.tsd.org – Eight TCRP Working Groups – CBTC Projects worldwide n CBTC Internet mailing list – Send a message to: cbtc@tsd.org – Ask to be placed on the list – Enter name, address, and brief biographic info.